Romantic Period: Opera and Art Songs

Music

• The proper name for songs is "lieder," which means songs in German.
• Franz Peter Schubert composed "lieder".
• Opera is a musical composition with most of its text set to music, including arias, recitatives, choruses, duets, and trios, and sung with orchestral accompaniment.
• The Romantic period includes Opera and Art Songs as two vocal forms.
• Richard Wagner, born in Leipzig, Germany on May 22, 1813, introduced new ideas in harmony and form.
• Wagner exerted a strong influence on opera.
• George Bizet is famous for his operas, including "Carmen".
• When "Carmen" first opened in Paris, it received terrible reviews, resulting in poor audience attendance.
• Libretto is the text of an opera.
• Score refers to the book put together by the composer and librettist, containing the musical notes, words, and ideas to aid performers.
• Recitative is a style of declamatory singing used in the prose and dialogue sections of an opera.
• Aria refers to the solo singing part sung by a principal character.
• Tenor is the highest male voice.
• Bass is the lowest male voice.
• Giacomo Puccini stressed realism by drawing material from everyday life for his compositions.
• Richard Wagner advocated for Music Drama, which fuses musical and dramatic elements.
• Soprano is the highest female voice.
• Acts are the main divisions of an opera.

Arts

• Greek Theater performances were typically in honor of their many gods.
• Roman Theater themes often involved chariot races, gladiators, and public executions.
• Medieval Theater performances were not allowed throughout Europe during this time.
• Renaissance Theater saw the formation and performance of mystery and morality plays.
• Baroque Theater marked the use of technology in current Broadway or commercial plays.
• Neoclassical Theater was characterized by its grandiosity, elaborate costumes, and sceneries.
• Romantic Theater saw melodrama and "operas" becoming the most popular theatrical forms.
• Theater means "the place of seeing".
• Playwright is the person who writes the script of the play.
• The Cult of Dionysus was a religious festival performed to honor the god Dionysus.
• Thespis is known as the Father of Tragedy.
• Tragedy is a play dealing with tragic events.
• Comedy is a play derived from imitation, designed to make the audience laugh.
• Satyr Play contains comic elements.
• Theatron refers to the theater building during Greek times.

PE

• Lifestyle encompasses a way of life.
• Household chores are voluntary activities done during free time that bring enjoyment.
• Passive physical activity does not require exerting extra effort or energy.
• Recreation activities should be chosen based on personal interest rather than others' preferences.
• Indoor recreation does not occurs in the premises of your comfort zone could be at home or inside a building.
• Outdoor recreation is not undertaken in a natural, rural, or open space outside the confines of buildings, typically a large land area close to nature.
• Active recreation aids in better calorie usage and helps sustain a desirable weight.
• BMI stands for Body Mass Index.
• Maintaining a healthy weight requires a healthy diet and balancing food intake.
• Energy expenditure lower than food intake leads to weight gain.
• Equal amount of food intake and energy expenditure leads to weight maintenance.
• More energy expenditure than food intake leads to weight loss.
• Activities like camping, hiking, orienteering, and swimming are outdoor activities.
• Navigating an unfamiliar place requires orienteering skills.
• Lifestyle change is the most effective way to prevent illness and early death.

Health

• Intentional injury results from violence.
• Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death.
• Parasuicide is a suicide attempt, gesture, or self-harm where there is no resulting death.
• Domestic violence is unwanted, aggressive behavior that is repeated over time.
• Stalking involves repeated unwanted contact, following, sending things, and unwanted communication.
• Extortion involves using force or threats to coerce people into handing over money, properties, or favors.
• Gang refers to a "street-based group" of young people involved in criminal activity and violence.
• Fraternity is a group of people who share a similar background, occupation, interest, or taste.
• Kidnapping involves taking away or forcefully moving a person against their will and holding them in unjust captivity.
• Types of bullying include verbal, physical, cyber, and social.
• Intentional injuries include suicide, parasuicide, domestic violence, bullying, stalking, extortion, gang and youth violence, illegal fraternities, kidnapping, and acts of terror.