Romantic Period in Literature and History

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Questions and Answers

Match the notable features of Romanticism with their descriptions:

Individualism = Emphasis on personal feelings and emotions over rational thought Politcal and cultural nationalism = Celebration of local customs and native languages Interest in ruins = Fascination with death, decay, and the macabre Formal experimentation = Breaking away from classical rules in art and literature

Match the Romantic poets with their respective countries:

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe = Germany Lord Byron = United Kingdom Friedrich Schiller = Germany Percy Bysshe Shelley = United Kingdom

Match the Romantic movements with their significance:

Spanish Romanticism = Brief period followed by Realism Sturm und Drang = Initial stirrings of Romanticism in Germany Gothic novels = Exploration of horror and the grotesque Cultivation of the fantastic = Influence from journalism on serialized works

Match the key characteristics of Romanticism with their examples:

<p>Exaltation of nature = Nature reflects the character's inner feelings Rebellion = Desire for individual freedom and self-expression Hero as a creative genius = Characters often misunderstood and destined to struggle Combination of the beautiful and ugly = Exploration of tragedy and comedy in narratives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Romantic ideals with their explains:

<p>Escapism = Nostalgia for lost paradises and the past Dark themes = Interest in ruins and the macabre Primacy of passion = Valuing emotions above rational thinking Adventure novel = Stories inspired by fantastic and heroic journeys</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the notable figures with their contributions or characteristics in the Romantic movement:

<p>José de Espronceda = Passionate and rebellious poetry reflecting freedom and national pride Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer = Expressed sentimental themes in poetry during late Romanticism José Zorrilla = Noteworthy playwright, author of Don Juan Tenorio Mariano José de Larra = Cultivator of costumbrismo in literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the regions with their characteristics during the Romantic movement:

<p>Hispanamerica = Exalted popular culture and indigenous language search Puerto Rico = Late Romantic movement marked by a fight for national independence Italy = Characterized by nationalism and fascination with the Middle Ages Spain = Peak of Romantic poetry with influence on subsequent regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the poetic styles with their descriptions:

<p>Gauchesca poetry = Denounced the life of the gaucho payador Sentimental novel = Focused on heroine's struggle against external factors Historical novel = Cultivated tradition inspired by oral narratives Costumbrismo = Reflected local customs and lifestyles in literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the authors with their notable works:

<p>Lord Byron = The Pilgrimage of Childe Harold José de Espronceda = The Song of the Pirate Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer = Rima series of poems José Zorrilla = Don Juan Tenorio</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the periods with their notable traits:

<p>Italian Romantic period = Peaked in the early 19th century with individualism Late Romantic stage in Puerto Rico = Culture emphasized patriotic values despite colonial challenges Early 19th century in Hispanamerica = Influenced by Spain and France, explored indigenous themes Span of Romanticism in Spain = Characterized by a focus on freedom and expression in art</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Romanticism definition

A literary and artistic movement (late 18th to mid-19th century) reacting against the Enlightenment's focus on reason, emphasizing passion, nature, and individual expression.

Romanticism's origins

Started in Germany and the UK in the late 1700s, with figures like Goethe, Schiller, Byron, and Shelley.

Romanticism's opposition to

Neoclassicism's emphasis on reason and logic in art.

Romantic features: Individualism

Emphasis on the individual, unique experiences, and emotional expression in Romantic art & literature.

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Romantic features: Nature

Romantic artists valued nature's beauty and its connection to the inner emotions of the characters.

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Spanish Romanticism Peak

José de Espronceda's work exemplified the high point of Spanish Romanticism.

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Late Romantic Poetry in Spain

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer's poetry represents the sentimental side of the late Spanish Romantic period.

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Spanish Romantic Theatre

José Zorrilla, author of "Don Juan Tenorio," is a key figure in Spanish Romantic theatre.

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Spanish Costumbrismo

Mariano José de Larra was a key figure in Spanish Costumbrismo (a style of artwork focused on daily customs).

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Romantic Period in Puerto Rico

1843-1880 period in Puerto Rico, with a focus on national independence and patriotism, representing an end of the Spanish Romantic period.

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Study Notes

Romantic Period in Literature and History

  • Romantic period emerged at the end of the 18th century, following Neoclassicism, lasting through the mid-19th century.
  • The term "romantic" is often used to mean sentimental or passionate. It's used in popular media like TV shows, movies and music, but the Romantic Period in literature and art had a different meaning.
  • It was a reaction against the political, social and intellectual climate of the 18th century.
  • In literature, it opposed the rules of Neoclassicism, which emphasized logic and reason.

Key Characteristics of Romanticism

  • Individualism and Subjectivity: Emphasis on the individual's emotions and experiences over reason.
  • Primacy of Emotion over Reason: Individual passions were prioritized over logic and reason
  • Nationalism: Focus on national cultures and languages, often celebrating traditional customs.
  • Historical Interest: Fascination with the past, particularly for mythical and historical figures.
  • Intense Interest in Nature: Romantic writers often saw nature as a source of inspiration and beauty.
  • Interest in the Supernatural and the Mysterious: Including fascination with the dark and horrifying aspects of life.
  • Idealization of the Past: Romantic writers often idealized past societies.
  • Rebellion against Established Authority: A common theme was rejection of social conventions and authority
  • Hero as a Genius: Idealized figure, often misunderstood and facing struggles in a world that didn't understand him/her.
  • The Expressiveness in Form: Romantic writers experimented with form and style, freely using language.
  • Combination of Beauty and Ugliness: Romantic aesthetics frequently explored the tragic alongside the comic.
  • The Power of Landscape and Nature: Romantic writers portrayed nature in dramatic or symbolic detail, reflecting the writer's soul.

Regions and Examples of Romanticism

  • Germany: Goethe and Schiller (Sturm und Drang movement)
  • England: Byron, Shelley, and Mary Shelley
    • Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
  • Spain: Romantic period considered late and brief between 1835 and 1850. Examples include the Duke of Rivas, José de Espronceda, Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, and José Zorrilla.
  • Latin America: Romantic works emerged significantly between 1810 and 1890.
    • Important figures included José María Heredia and José Esteban Echeverría.
  • Puerto Rico: The Romantic period in Puerto Rico was also late, emerging between 1843 and 1880. Characterized by the pursuit of national independence.

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