Romantic Movement

Romantic Love

• Emerged in the 18th century as a cultural and literary movement
• Characterized by:
  • Emphasis on emotions, intuition, and individualism
  • Celebration of nature, beauty, and the sublime
  • Focus on the inner life and personal feelings
• Influenced by:
  • Enlightenment values of reason and individual liberty
  • Revival of classical Greek and Roman ideals
• Key figures:
  • Rousseau, Goethe, and Wordsworth (literary Romantics)
  • Beethoven and Chopin (musical Romantics)

Historical Couples

• Ancient Greece and Rome:
  • Paris and Helen (Trojan War)
  • Pyramus and Thisbe (mythological lovers)
• Medieval Europe:
  • Abelard and Heloise (star-crossed lovers)
  • Tristan and Iseult (legendary lovers)
• Renaissance and Enlightenment:
  • Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare's tragic lovers)
  • Napoleon and Joséphine (Bonaparte's romantic affair)
• Modern Era:
  • Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning (poetic love)
  • Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera (artistic partnership)

Courtly Love

• Emerged in 12th-century southern France
• Characterized by:
  • Adoration and worship of the beloved from afar
  • Idealization of the lady as a symbol of purity and virtue
  • Emphasis on loyalty, honor, and courtesy
• Key figures:
  • Duke William IX of Aquitaine (first troubadour)
  • Eleanor of Aquitaine (patron of courtly love)
• Literary works:
  • The Song of Roland (epic poem)
  • The Romance of the Rose (allegorical poem)

Romantic Love

• Emerged as a cultural and literary movement in the 18th century
• Characterized by emphasis on emotions, intuition, and individualism, celebrating nature, beauty, and the sublime
• Focused on the inner life and personal feelings, influenced by Enlightenment values and classical Greek/Roman ideals
• Featured prominent literary figures such as Rousseau, Goethe, and Wordsworth, as well as musical Romantics like Beethoven and Chopin

Historical Couples

Ancient Greece and Rome

• Paris and Helen: legendary lovers of the Trojan War
• Pyramus and Thisbe: mythological lovers

Medieval Europe

• Abelard and Heloise: star-crossed lovers
• Tristan and Iseult: legendary lovers

Renaissance and Enlightenment

• Romeo and Juliet: Shakespeare's tragic lovers
• Napoleon and Joséphine: Bonaparte's romantic affair

Modern Era

• Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning: poetic love
• Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera: artistic partnership

Courtly Love

• Emerged in 12th-century southern France
• Characterized by adoration and worship of the beloved from afar, idealizing the lady as a symbol of purity and virtue
• Emphasized loyalty, honor, and courtesy, with key figures such as Duke William IX of Aquitaine and Eleanor of Aquitaine
• Featured in literary works like The Song of Roland and The Romance of the Rose

Ancient Civilizations

• In ancient Sumeria (modern-day Iraq), the concept of romantic love emerged through literature and poetry around 2000 BCE.
• In ancient Greece, love was divided into four types: Storge (familial love), Philia (friendship), Eros (romantic love), and Agape (unconditional love) around 500 BCE.
• The concept of Cupid, the god of love, originated in ancient Rome around 100 BCE.

Middle Ages

• The idea of courtly love emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages, around 1000 CE, emphasizing chivalry, honor, and adoration.
• The concept of romantic love was often tied to chivalric codes and knightly virtues.

Renaissance to Enlightenment

• The revival of classical Greek and Roman ideas during the Renaissance around 1500 CE led to a renewed focus on romantic love.
• The Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasized reason and individualism, influencing the concept of romantic love.

19th and 20th Centuries

• The Romantic movement in literature and art emphasized intense emotions, passion, and individualism in love during the 19th century.
• The rise of psychoanalysis and psychology in the 20th century led to a greater understanding of the psychological and emotional aspects of love.

Modern Era

• The concept of free love and the sexual revolution challenged traditional norms and expectations surrounding love and relationships in the mid-20th century.
• Contemporary debates surrounding love focus on topics such as the role of technology in modern relationships, non-traditional family structures and relationships, and the intersection of love, power, and social inequality.