Roman Republic History Review
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Questions and Answers

What was the Assembly of Centuries?

The Centuriate Assembly of the Roman Republic was one of the three voting assemblies, originally dividing Roman citizens into groups of one hundred men by classes.

What was the Senate in the Roman Republic?

The Senate was a political institution whose members were appointed by the consuls, not elected.

What were the Laws of the Twelve Tables?

The earliest attempt by the Romans to create a code of law, binding on both patricians and plebeians.

What does 'veto' mean?

<p>A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were consuls in the Roman Republic?

<p>The highest elected political office, with two consuls elected each year for a one-year term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are legions?

<p>The largest unit of the Roman army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are latifundia?

<p>Large landed estates or ranches in ancient Rome, typically worked by slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tribune?

<p>An official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'triumvirate' mean?

<p>A group of three men holding power, specifically referring to Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, and later Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Pax Romana?

<p>A period of relative peace and economic stability in the Roman Empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the forum?

<p>A place or medium where ideas and views can be exchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Judaism?

<p>The monotheistic religion of the Jews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Christianity?

<p>The religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Torah?

<p>The law of God as revealed to Moses, recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rabbi?

<p>A Jewish scholar or teacher, especially one who studies or teaches Jewish law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a martyr?

<p>A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are aqueducts?

<p>Artificial channels for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dictator?

<p>A ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained power by force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the pope?

<p>The bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bishop?

<p>A senior member of the Christian clergy, typically in charge of a diocese.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does inflation mean?

<p>A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Messiah in Judaism?

<p>The promised deliverer of the Jewish nation prophesied in the Hebrew Bible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sect?

<p>A group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs from those of a larger group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucifixion?

<p>The execution of a person by nailing or binding them to a cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Etruscan' refer to?

<p>The modern name given to a powerful, wealthy, and refined civilization of ancient Italy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Tarquins?

<p>A prominent family in Rome, known for its influence and autocracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the patricians?

<p>An aristocrat or nobleman in ancient Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the plebeians?

<p>Commoners or members of the lower social classes in ancient Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Huns?

<p>A nomadic group from Central Asia led by Attila who raided the eastern kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Visigoths' refer to?

<p>A group that defeated the Romans in 378, leading to the downfall of the Roman Empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Spartacus?

<p>An escaped slave leader in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Julius Caesar known for?

<p>A Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the demise of the Roman Republic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marcus Crassus?

<p>A Roman general and politician who played a key role in transforming the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Pompey?

<p>A military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Cleopatra VII?

<p>The last active pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, who had relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marc Antony?

<p>A Roman politician and general who was a supporter of Julius Caesar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Octavian?

<p>The founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jesus?

<p>A religious leader and central figure of Christianity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Peter?

<p>One of Jesus' apostles known for his leadership in the early Christian church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Paul?

<p>An apostle who taught the gospel of Christ and wrote many New Testament letters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Pontius Pilate?

<p>The Roman governor known for the trial and crucifixion of Jesus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Abraham?

<p>The first patriarch of Judaism and a prominent figure in all Abrahamic religions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Moses?

<p>A prophet credited with authorship of the Torah and leading the Israelites out of Egypt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Hannibal?

<p>A Carthaginian military commander known for his strategic prowess during the Punic Wars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were Romulus and Remus?

<p>Legendary twin brothers associated with the founding of Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Constantine?

<p>The Emperor who stopped the persecution of Christians and established Christianity as the official religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Barbarian invasions?

<p>Invasions by various groups desiring better land and warmer climates, leading to the fall of Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Diocletian do during his reign?

<p>Divided the empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west, launching the final persecution of Christians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Carthage?

<p>An ancient city founded by the Phoenicians that became a major Mediterranean power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Pompeii?

<p>An ancient city destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Gaul?

<p>A region of Western Europe inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present-day France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Circus Maximus?

<p>An ancient Roman chariot racing stadium located in Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are parishes?

<p>Local gatherings of Christians led by priests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a diocese?

<p>A district under the pastoral care of a bishop, consisting of multiple parishes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are patriarchs?

<p>Bishops of the five leading cities in early Christianity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Pax Romana end?

<p>Political instability, military issues, economic troubles, and overproduction of money contributed to its end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did church leaders take power?

<p>By withholding sacraments unless the empire complied with their demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the vandals?

<p>A Germanic tribe from North Africa that destroyed Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who became the new leader of Italy after the fall of Rome?

<p>A German soldier who seized control and named himself king.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some lasting legacies of the Roman Empire include __________.

<p>aqueducts, Julian calendar, bound books, monuments, concrete, Roman numeral system, Christianity, Latin, republic, roads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Political Institutions and Assemblies

  • Assembly of Centuries: A key voting assembly in the Roman Republic, originally organized Roman citizens into groups of one hundred by classes.
  • Senate: An appointed body consisting of former magistrates, it played a crucial role in Roman governance without being elected.
  • Consuls: The highest elected officials of the Roman Republic, two consuls served one-year terms and were part of the cursus honorum.
  • Tribunes: Officials chosen by plebeians to represent and protect their interests.
  • Dictator: A ruler with total power, often obtained through force.
  • Triumvirates: Political alliances in ancient Rome, notably the First (Caesar, Pompey, Crassus) and Second (Antony, Lepidus, Octavian) Triumvirates.
  • The Twelve Tables: The first Roman code of law established around 450 B.C., creating a foundation for legal rights among patricians and plebeians.
  • Veto: The constitutional right to reject decisions made by legislative bodies, instrumental in balancing power.
  • Patricians vs. Plebeians: Patricians were aristocrats, while plebeians were commoners, highlighting the class divisions in Roman society.

Military and Economic Aspects

  • Legions: The largest military units in the Roman army, essential for territorial expansion and defense.
  • Latifundia: Large estates typically worked by slaves, reflecting economic structures reliant on agriculture.
  • Barbarian Invasions: Caused by the search for better resources, these invasions led to significant changes in the Roman Empire.

Religion and Cultural Influences

  • Judaism and Christianity: Both religions played pivotal roles in the cultural landscape of the ancient world, with figures such as Jesus, Moses, and early church leaders like Paul and Peter shaping their foundations.
  • Messiah: In Jewish tradition, the expected deliverer; this concept influenced Christian beliefs.

Notable Historical Figures

  • Julius Caesar: A general and key figure in the transition from the Roman Republic to the Empire; renowned for his military prowess and political acumen.
  • Augustus (Octavian): The first emperor of Rome, who established the principate after defeating Antony and Cleopatra.
  • Hannibal: A Carthaginian commander known for his tactical genius during the Second Punic War against Rome.
  • Constantine: Declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire and established Constantinople as the capital.
  • Pax Romana: A period of relative peace and economic prosperity (27 B.C. to A.D. 180) marked by stability in governance.
  • End of Pax Romana: Factors included political instability, economic troubles, and external pressures from Germanic tribes.
  • Fall of Rome: Culminated in the 5th century with Germanic invasions, leading to the fragmentation of power.

Lasting Legacies

  • Achievements of the Roman Empire: Innovations such as aqueducts, the Julian calendar, bound books, concrete monuments, the Roman numeral system, roads, and the spread of Christianity and Latin have had long-lasting impacts on civilization.

Unique Aspects

  • Aqueducts: Engineering marvels that transported water, demonstrating Roman advancements in infrastructure.
  • Circus Maximus: A venue for chariot races and public entertainment, symbolizing the social and cultural life of ancient Rome.
  • Etruscan Civilization: A powerful ancient culture that influenced early Roman society and politics.

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Explore key terms and concepts from the Roman Republic with this exam review quiz. Understand the crucial institutions like the Assembly of Centuries and the Senate through flashcards designed to enhance your historical knowledge. Perfect for preparing for exams or broadening your understanding of ancient Rome.

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