Roman Government and Social Structure Vocabulary

• Vocabulary related to Roman government, social structure, and common actions.

Primary Vocabulary

• aedilis, aedilis (m): Aedile, a public works official.
• arcus, arcūs (m): Bow, rainbow, arch.
• arx, arcis (f): Citadel, fortress, stronghold, height, summit.
• cliēns, clientis (m): Client, follower, dependant, vassal.
• collēga, collēgae (m/f): Colleague, associate, companion.
• cōnsul, cōnsulis (m): Consul, one of two chief executive officials who presided over the Senate and led the Republic, later chief deputies (prime ministers) of the Emperor.
• cūra, cūrae (f): Care, concern, responsibility.
• cursus, cursūs (m): Course, race, path.
• eques, equitis (m): Horseman; member of the Equestrian Order.
• grātia, grātiae (f): Appreciation, thankfulness, gratitude.
• grātiās agere: Give thanks.
• honor, honōris (m): Honor, renown, public office.
• lēx, lēgis (f): Law.
• magistrātus, magistrātūs (m): Official, public officer, magistrate.
• odium, odiī (n): Hatred, loathing.
• ōrdō, ōrdinis (m): Row, line, series; rank, order, class, degree.
• patrōnus, patrōnī (m): Benefactor, patron; lawyer, advocate.
• patrōna, patrōnae (f): Benefactor, patroness.
• plēbs, plēbis (f): Commonfolk, plebeian class, masses.
• populus, populī (m): People, nation.
• quaestor, quaestōris (m): Quaestor, a treasury official.
• salūtātiō, salūtātiōnis (f): Greeting, salutation; ceremonial visit.
• sociētās, sociētātis (f): Partnership, association, guild, company.
• socius, sociī (m): Partner, ally, comrade, associate.
• socia, sociae (f): Partner, ally, comrade, associate.
• spolia, spoliōrum (n.pl): Plunder, spoils.
• verbum, verbī (n): Word.

Verbs

• imperō, imperāre, imperāvī (+dat): Command, order.
• moneō, monēre, monuī: Warn, advise, remind.
• persuādeō, persuādēre, persuāsī (+dat): Convince, persuade.
• praecipiō, praecipere, praecēpī: Instruct, order, direct.
• praeficiō, praeficere, praefēcī: Put X (acc) in charge of Y (dat).
• praesum, praeesse, praefuī (+dat): Be in charge of, supervise, oversee.

Adjectives

• quālis, -e (adj): What sort of, what kind of.
• quantus, -a, -um (adj): How much, how large.
• quot (adj): How many.

Adverbs

• quārē (adv): Why.
• quōmodo or quō modo (adv): How, in what way.
• quando (adv): When, at what time.
• num (adv): If, introducing an indirect/paraphrased yes/no question.

Conjunctions

• utrum … an … (conj): Whether … or …
• utrum … annon: Whether … or not.
• ut (conj): That, so that, introducing an indirect command.
• nē (conj): That not, so that not, introducing an indirect prohibition.