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Questions and Answers
When is the traditional date given for the founding of Rome?
When is the traditional date given for the founding of Rome?
- 1000 BC
- 200 AD
- 753 BC (correct)
- 500 BC
What type of government did Rome have for most of its history?
What type of government did Rome have for most of its history?
- Dictatorship
- Republic (correct)
- Monarchy
- Oligarchy
Who made himself the emperor of Rome and transformed the republic into an absolute monarchy?
Who made himself the emperor of Rome and transformed the republic into an absolute monarchy?
- Pompey
- Octavian (correct)
- Cicero
- Julius Caesar
Which language had become the language of most of the people of Italy by the 1st century BC?
Which language had become the language of most of the people of Italy by the 1st century BC?
At its height, the Roman Empire encompassed which areas?
At its height, the Roman Empire encompassed which areas?
Which ethnic groups were gradually incorporated into the Roman Republic as its power and influence grew?
Which ethnic groups were gradually incorporated into the Roman Republic as its power and influence grew?
What was the official language of the Eastern Roman Empire?
What was the official language of the Eastern Roman Empire?
When did the capital of the Roman Empire move to Constantinople?
When did the capital of the Roman Empire move to Constantinople?
Which modern-day countries were part of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Which modern-day countries were part of the Eastern Roman Empire?
When did the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople, marking the end of the Eastern Roman Empire?
When did the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople, marking the end of the Eastern Roman Empire?
What led to the rapid shrinkage of Byzantine territory after the 7th century?
What led to the rapid shrinkage of Byzantine territory after the 7th century?
When did the Byzantine Empire break away from the Catholic Church to form the Eastern Orthodox faith?
When did the Byzantine Empire break away from the Catholic Church to form the Eastern Orthodox faith?
What event is considered the 'point of no return' for the fall of Rome?
What event is considered the 'point of no return' for the fall of Rome?
What was a major cause for the fall of the Roman Empire?
What was a major cause for the fall of the Roman Empire?
Who was the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire?
Who was the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire?
What was the controversial link to the fall of Rome?
What was the controversial link to the fall of Rome?
What event led to the creation of the Eastern and Western Roman Empires?
What event led to the creation of the Eastern and Western Roman Empires?
What marked the end of the Eastern Roman Empire?
What marked the end of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Which empire played a crucial role in the development of humanism during the Renaissance?
Which empire played a crucial role in the development of humanism during the Renaissance?
What led to the split of the church into Western Roman Catholicism and Eastern Greek Orthodox?
What led to the split of the church into Western Roman Catholicism and Eastern Greek Orthodox?
What prevented further Muslim invasions into Europe and codified Roman law?
What prevented further Muslim invasions into Europe and codified Roman law?
Which empire reached its height in the early second century AD but weakened and fragmented due to invasions by Germanic tribes in the West?
Which empire reached its height in the early second century AD but weakened and fragmented due to invasions by Germanic tribes in the West?
What led to the growth of papal power as the Church took over governmental responsibilities?
What led to the growth of papal power as the Church took over governmental responsibilities?
What contributed to the spread and dominance of Catholicism in Western Europe?
What contributed to the spread and dominance of Catholicism in Western Europe?
What material were Roman sculptures commonly made from?
What material were Roman sculptures commonly made from?
Where were most Roman paintings found?
Where were most Roman paintings found?
What mathematical concept was common in Greek and Roman art?
What mathematical concept was common in Greek and Roman art?
What architectural innovation was introduced by the early Romans?
What architectural innovation was introduced by the early Romans?
What was the purpose of Roman reliefs?
What was the purpose of Roman reliefs?
Which architectural marvel in Rome features an enormous concrete dome?
Which architectural marvel in Rome features an enormous concrete dome?
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Study Notes
Ancient Roman Art and Architecture
- The alphabet used to write English was a Roman invention, and Roman art and architecture still serve as models for elegance and grandeur.
- Roman art and architecture is grouped into the Classical or Greco-Roman period due to the influence of the ancient Greeks on Roman religion, literature, mythology, art, and architecture.
- Much of Roman architecture, including columns and proportions, was first employed by the ancient Greeks, but there were also important artistic and architectural developments that were truly Roman inventions.
- Roman art used various mediums including sculptures, paintings, mosaics, and reliefs, with sculptures being an important feature of Roman political culture, used for propaganda.
- Roman sculptures were made from marble or bronze, with the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius being a splendid example of Roman bronze work.
- Roman paintings, mostly found in Pompeii, depicted scenes from Greek and Roman mythology, everyday life, and advanced painting techniques compared to the Middle Ages.
- The Golden Ratio, a mathematical formula for producing beautiful symmetry, was common in Greek and Roman art.
- Mosaics, widely used by the Romans, depicted various images, with some of the most important ones found in Pompeii, such as an image of a chained dog.
- Reliefs, another common form of Roman art, were used to depict important historical events, and the Ara Pacis Augustae is the largest and best-preserved monument that depicts Roman reliefs.
- Roman architecture used concrete, an innovation by the early Romans, which allowed for the construction of large and complex buildings, including giant domes that covered wide spaces.
- Roman architecture was used not only for public buildings but also as a means of propaganda, reflecting the grandeur of Rome itself.
- Some of the greatest feats of Roman architecture include the Pantheon, a temple with an enormous concrete dome, and the Colosseum, a large amphitheater in Rome.
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