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Questions and Answers
What symbol was used by early Christians and later integrated into Byzantine art?
What symbol was used by early Christians and later integrated into Byzantine art?
Who started the Iconoclastic Controversy in 726?
Who started the Iconoclastic Controversy in 726?
What major architectural structure is also known as the Flavian Amphitheater?
What major architectural structure is also known as the Flavian Amphitheater?
Which part of the Old Roman basilica was a semicircular space in front of the nave?
Which part of the Old Roman basilica was a semicircular space in front of the nave?
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What were monastic artists' representation values during the Early Christian Period?
What were monastic artists' representation values during the Early Christian Period?
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What was the exterior wall height of the Colosseum?
What was the exterior wall height of the Colosseum?
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Which of the following was NOT a symbol used by early Christians?
Which of the following was NOT a symbol used by early Christians?
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In which architectural part of the church is the altar located?
In which architectural part of the church is the altar located?
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What room in the palatial public baths of Imperial Rome was used for hot baths?
What room in the palatial public baths of Imperial Rome was used for hot baths?
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Which monument is a single, freestanding colossal column used as a commemorative monument?
Which monument is a single, freestanding colossal column used as a commemorative monument?
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Who began the construction of the Pantheon?
Who began the construction of the Pantheon?
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What purpose does the oculus in the Pantheon serve?
What purpose does the oculus in the Pantheon serve?
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What was the Ara Pacis constructed during?
What was the Ara Pacis constructed during?
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Which of the following rooms in the palatial public baths of Imperial Rome was used for oiling and shampooing?
Which of the following rooms in the palatial public baths of Imperial Rome was used for oiling and shampooing?
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Which Roman structure was used as a long hairpin race course for chariot races?
Which Roman structure was used as a long hairpin race course for chariot races?
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What is the high platform upon which a Roman temple was raised called?
What is the high platform upon which a Roman temple was raised called?
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Which of these was the Roman house of the middle class?
Which of these was the Roman house of the middle class?
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Which structure was essentially a Roman building used to house the law court and eventually became a hall of justice and commercial exchange?
Which structure was essentially a Roman building used to house the law court and eventually became a hall of justice and commercial exchange?
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What type of columns adorns the exteriors of Roman temples?
What type of columns adorns the exteriors of Roman temples?
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What were Roman public baths known as?
What were Roman public baths known as?
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Which of these options served as the Roman block of flats used as shops and apartments?
Which of these options served as the Roman block of flats used as shops and apartments?
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What best describes the purpose of the Roman Forum?
What best describes the purpose of the Roman Forum?
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What is the diameter of the dome of the Hagia Sophia?
What is the diameter of the dome of the Hagia Sophia?
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Who commissioned the construction of the Hagia Sophia?
Who commissioned the construction of the Hagia Sophia?
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Which term describes the economic system based upon limited land ownership and forced labor during the Romanesque period?
Which term describes the economic system based upon limited land ownership and forced labor during the Romanesque period?
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What was the function of reliquaries during the Romanesque period?
What was the function of reliquaries during the Romanesque period?
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What characterized the architectural plan of the Hagia Sophia?
What characterized the architectural plan of the Hagia Sophia?
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During which period did the Romanesque style of art emerge?
During which period did the Romanesque style of art emerge?
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Which of these statements about the Romanesque period is true?
Which of these statements about the Romanesque period is true?
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What was a common painting technique during the Romanesque period?
What was a common painting technique during the Romanesque period?
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Which historical period is known as the Golden Age of Byzantine?
Which historical period is known as the Golden Age of Byzantine?
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What was the primary location for sculptures in Byzantine art?
What was the primary location for sculptures in Byzantine art?
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Which of the following is a feature of Byzantine painting?
Which of the following is a feature of Byzantine painting?
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What type of dome structure was commonly used in Byzantine architecture?
What type of dome structure was commonly used in Byzantine architecture?
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Which architectural plan was predominant in Western Europe during the Byzantine era?
Which architectural plan was predominant in Western Europe during the Byzantine era?
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What material was used to create lavish interiors of Byzantine buildings?
What material was used to create lavish interiors of Byzantine buildings?
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Which of the following was commonly depicted on Byzantine column capitals?
Which of the following was commonly depicted on Byzantine column capitals?
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What was the chief religion of the Roman world until the 4th century?
What was the chief religion of the Roman world until the 4th century?
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What is the nave of a basilica?
What is the nave of a basilica?
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What is the purpose of an ambo/ambulatory in a basilica?
What is the purpose of an ambo/ambulatory in a basilica?
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Which part of a monastery is typically used for housing books and sources of knowledge?
Which part of a monastery is typically used for housing books and sources of knowledge?
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Which architectural landmark is alongside the Cathedral of Pisa and famous for its leaning tower?
Which architectural landmark is alongside the Cathedral of Pisa and famous for its leaning tower?
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What is an apse?
What is an apse?
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What is the transept of a basilica?
What is the transept of a basilica?
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Which feature is part of both a basilica and a monastery?
Which feature is part of both a basilica and a monastery?
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of a castle?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a castle?
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What type of architecture is described as formerly a hall of justice and redesigned to be a place of worship?
What type of architecture is described as formerly a hall of justice and redesigned to be a place of worship?
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Which type of architecture houses relics or tombs of martyrs?
Which type of architecture houses relics or tombs of martyrs?
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Which architectural feature is used for the sacrament of baptism?
Which architectural feature is used for the sacrament of baptism?
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What type of plan is associated with a centrally-domed structure?
What type of plan is associated with a centrally-domed structure?
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What term describes the architectural feature 'Wind-blown acanthus'?
What term describes the architectural feature 'Wind-blown acanthus'?
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Which type of construction method was commonly used by the Romans?
Which type of construction method was commonly used by the Romans?
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What term was used to refer to Gothic art in Western Europe?
What term was used to refer to Gothic art in Western Europe?
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Which method of teaching dominated the schools of Western Europe from about 1100 until about 1600?
Which method of teaching dominated the schools of Western Europe from about 1100 until about 1600?
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Who is credited with potentially inventing the Gothic Style?
Who is credited with potentially inventing the Gothic Style?
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Which art form involved mixing pigments with egg?
Which art form involved mixing pigments with egg?
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What was the favorite theme in Gothic painting?
What was the favorite theme in Gothic painting?
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Which order was founded during the Gothic period?
Which order was founded during the Gothic period?
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What technique is used to create stained glass?
What technique is used to create stained glass?
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Which sculpture characteristic was common in Gothic art?
Which sculpture characteristic was common in Gothic art?
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What event is depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry?
What event is depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry?
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What was one function of Romanesque sculpture?
What was one function of Romanesque sculpture?
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Which architectural feature was used to counter the lateral thrust of vaults in Romanesque architecture?
Which architectural feature was used to counter the lateral thrust of vaults in Romanesque architecture?
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Which theme was commonly depicted in Romanesque art?
Which theme was commonly depicted in Romanesque art?
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What is a 'troweaw' in Romanesque architecture?
What is a 'troweaw' in Romanesque architecture?
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Which type of arch was introduced to Romanesque architecture from Islamic architecture?
Which type of arch was introduced to Romanesque architecture from Islamic architecture?
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Where was the lunette with complex iconography typically found in Romanesque churches?
Where was the lunette with complex iconography typically found in Romanesque churches?
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What is a chevron ornamentation characterized by?
What is a chevron ornamentation characterized by?
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What is considered the greatest Norman building in England?
What is considered the greatest Norman building in England?
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Where is the CENTER FOR THE DESIGNED ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONS, INC. located?
Where is the CENTER FOR THE DESIGNED ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONS, INC. located?
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Which building in London is known as the Royal Palace of Her Majesty?
Which building in London is known as the Royal Palace of Her Majesty?
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What is the contact phone number for CENTER FOR THE DESIGNED ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONS, INC.?
What is the contact phone number for CENTER FOR THE DESIGNED ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONS, INC.?
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What is the website of CENTER FOR THE DESIGNED ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONS, INC.?
What is the website of CENTER FOR THE DESIGNED ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONS, INC.?
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Study Notes
Roman Architecture
- Forum: a public space with temples, triumphal arches, pillars of victory, Roman basilica, senate, and shops
-
Temple: a frontal building with stairs, a podium, and a deep portico with columns; typically made of brick and concrete with marble or stucco facades
- Parts: podium, cella, orders, and pediment
- Domus: a Roman house for the middle class
- Insulae: blocks of flats used as shops and apartments
- Villa: a house for the upper-class Roman
- Theater: a building with a more impressive skene than Greek versions, built on level ground with a semi-circular orchestra
- Amphitheater: a smaller version of the Colosseum, emphasizing arches over decorative external orders
- Circus: a long, hairpin-shaped race course for chariot races
- Aqueducts: large reservoirs and cisterns for transporting water to towns
- Tombs: pyramidal, temple-shaped, or subterranean vaults with sculptural memorials
Palatial Public Baths of Imperial Rome
-
Baths of Carcalla: a representative of palatial public baths with facilities including:
- Caldarium (hot room)
- Tepidarium (warm room)
- Frigidarium (cold room)
- Gymnasium
- Anconicum (dry sweating room)
- Unctuaria (oiling and shampooing)
- Apodyteria (dressing rooms)
Architectural Landmarks
- Column of Victory: a single, freestanding colossal column used as a commemorative monument
- Ara Pacis: a great marble monument constructed during the reign of Augustus
- Mausoleum: a cemetery or tomb
- Triumphal Arch: a commemorative arch-monument decorated with reliefs showing moments of victory
Pantheon
- Began by Agrippa in 27 BC and rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian in 120 AD with a circular shape
- Dome: a dome with a diameter equal to its height and an oculus at the center to admit light
- Portico: incorporates elements of an earlier temple building
Early Christian Period
- Christian Symbolisms: initial basis for Byzantine art, including the cross, fish, lamb, chi-rho, alpha, and omega
Byzantine Period
- Art Forms: fresco, mosaic, and sarcophagus
-
Architecture: old Roman basilicas redesigned into churches with a focus on sacred and material world rejection
- Plan: atrium, nave, side aisles, apse, and altar
- Iconoclastic Controversy: prohibited the production of icons in representational human form in 726 AD
Types of Architecture
- Basilica: a former hall of justice redesigned into a place of worship
- Martyrium: a sanctuary that enshrines a relic or tomb of a martyr
- Mausoleum: a large tomb, almost temple-like
- Baptisteries: used for the sacrament of baptism
Byzantine Capitals
- Wind-blown/Wind-swept acanthus: a type of capital decoration
Romanesque Period
- Hagia Sophia: a major cathedral in Constantinople with a domed cross plan
- St. Mark's Basilica in Venice: a representative of Romanesque architecture
- Historical Background: age of faith, monasticism, feudalism, knighthood, and Crusades
- Painting: frescoes, reliquaries, and illustrated manuscripts
- Sculpture: served as "literature for the illiterate" with a focus on religious emotions and psychological reality
- Characteristics of Romanesque Art: revival of monumental artwork, stylized figures on columns and capitals, and "Westwork"
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Description
Learn about the fundamental structures of Roman Architecture, including Forums, Temples, Domus, Insulae, and Villas. Explore their components, features, and purpose.
