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Questions and Answers
Roman civilization is known as the 'Eternal City'.
False
The Romans primarily built wooden roads for their military.
False
The Arabic language is the sole spoken language of Arabic-speaking countries.
False
Ibn Moosaa's work presented 800 examples in the 8th century.
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The Astrolabe was invented to observe the sun.
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Paper making was one of the earliest skills attained by the Muslims.
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The decimal or base 10 system was first developed by the Indians.
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The Romans utilized aqueducts for transporting water over long distances.
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The great Mosque of Damasus was built by ancient Greeks.
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Animal bones are referred to as oracle bones in ancient Chinese writing.
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Study Notes
Roman Civilization
- Characterized by emperors leading the government and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
- Known as the “Eternal City”.
- Romans used water power and watermills for purposes like cereal milling, sawing timber, and crushing ore.
- Greatly utilized aqueducts, dams, bridges, and amphitheaters.
- Used sundials to tell time, including portable versions.
- Constructed primarily concrete roads for military purposes.
- Built nearly 30 military highways, all made of stone, exiting from Rome.
- Constructed a network of 372 roads connecting 113 provinces.
Arabic Civilization
- Originated in the Arabian Peninsula, specifically Saudi Arabia in 622 AD.
- Arabic is the written and spoken language of Arabs.
- Arabic-speaking countries include: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoro Islands, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, and Yemen.
- Their religion, Islam, translates to “submission to the will of God”.
- God Allah conveyed revelations to Muhammad, a tradesman, forming the foundation of the new faith.
- Achieved advancements in mathematics, specifically trigonometry and algebra, through Ibn Moosaa’s work "Hisaab- Al-Jab Wal Muqaabala" (The Calculation of Integration and Equation) which included 800 examples in the 8th century.
- His work was translated from Arabic to Latin and served as the primary textbook in Europe until the 16th century.
- Invented an instrument called the Astrolabe used to observe stars.
- Built the Great Mosque of Damascus.
- Introduced papermaking, a skill mastered by Muslims.
- Manufactured paper in Samarqand as early as the 8th century CE.
- Led advancements in industries like weaving, silk production, pottery, jewelry, leatherworking, and perfume production.
Chinese Civilization
- Utilized animal bones for early writing, often called “oracle bones” due to their usage in fortune-telling.
- Developed the decimal (base-10) number system.
- Invented the abacus – a tool for calculating math problems using sliding beads.
- Devised the first clocks for astronomical purposes.
- Created water clocks that chimed every 15 minutes.
- Developed the magnetic compass – consisting of a wooden circle with markings and a magnetic spoon on top, initially used for religious purposes.
- Created gunpowder through the mixing of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. The explosive nature results from rapid burning and the release of expanded gases.
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Description
Explore the fascinating aspects of Roman and Arabic civilizations, including their governance, architecture, and contributions to engineering and culture. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of these two influential cultures that shaped history across continents.
