Energy

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Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating appetite?

Ghrelin (correct)

Leptin

PYY3-36

Insulin

What is the primary role of Neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus when eating is involved?

Stimulating Agouti-related peptide (correct)

Enhancing leptin production

Inhibiting melanocortin

Activating PYY3-36

In terms of food intake regulation, what does melanocortin stimulation lead to?

Inhibition of food consumption (correct)

Enhancement of PYY3-36 production

Increased Agouti-related peptide activity

Stimulation of Neuropeptide Y

Which region in the hypothalamus is involved in signaling to stop eating?

Paraventricular nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for inhibiting food intake and enhancing melanocortin production?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with inhibiting eating and suppressing Agouti-related peptide and Neuropeptide Y?

PYY3-36 Signup and view all the answers

What function does the Satiety center primarily serve within the hypothalamus?

Indicating fullness Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the breakdown of polysaccharides into monosaccharides to generate ATP?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes individuals with higher metabolic efficiency in terms of heat loss?

Decreased heat loss due to less energy waste Signup and view all the answers

Which neuropeptide helps to eat more?

Neuropeptide Y Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is released by adipose tissue to regulate body weight?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is considered an antagonist in the context of appetite suppression?

Agouti-related peptide Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the largest hormone-secreting organ in the body?

Adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

When leptin is released, what does it inhibit?

Agouti-related peptide Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone plays an important role in controlling body weight and stores energy?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What does insulin do in relation to body weight regulation?

Suppresses appetite Signup and view all the answers

'Alpha melanocytes stimulating hormone' is derived from which precursor?

'Pro-opiomelanocortin' Signup and view all the answers

'Melanocortin receptors' in the brain are competed for by which two hormones?

'Alpha melanocytes stimulating hormone' and 'Agouti-related peptide' Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insulin in fuel selection?

Stimulates glycogenesis and lipogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Why is a glucose reading of 6mol/l whilst fasting indicative of prediabetes?

It falls within the range for prediabetes Signup and view all the answers

How does the body determine which nutrient to metabolize according to the text?

By utilizing glucose over fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is primarily broken down to release glucose when fasting for an extended period?

Muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cori cycle involve?

Conversion of lactate to glucose in the liver Signup and view all the answers

What effect does insulin have on lipid catabolism?

Inhibits lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to save glucose for certain organs like the brain?

The brain cannot use fatty acids for energy production Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone plays a key role in balancing anabolism and catabolism?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to adipose tissue during feeding according to the text?

It stores excess nutrients from food. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of insulin in regulating body weight?

Storing excess nutrients as fat in adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence basal metabolic rate?

Surface area of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct method used to measure metabolic rate based on?

Heat produced by the body Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain controls long-term energy balance and short-term food intake control from meal to meal?

Arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

How do chemical messengers influence the body's nutritional status?

By controlling energy input and output balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of hormones like T4 and adrenaline in relation to basal metabolic rate?

Influence basal metabolic rate levels Signup and view all the answers

In terms of energy balance, what should happen to maintain a neutral state?

Energy input should be equal to energy output Signup and view all the answers

"Arcuate nucleus" is responsible for which aspect related to food intake control?

Long-term control of food intake from meal to meal Signup and view all the answers

Why is indirect calorimetry considered less accurate compared to direct calorimetry?

Not based on the amount of oxygen consumed or CO2 given out Signup and view all the answers

What are the signals and regions involved in stopping eating?

Neuropeptide Y and melanocortin; Paraventricular nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of PYY3-36 in relation to eating behavior.

Inhibits eating; Produced by small and large intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of the Satiety center?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Define catabolism and provide an example.

Degrade fuel to generate ATP; E.g. breakdown of polysaccharides into monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of metabolic efficiency.

Amount of work achieved for a given amount of energy expended Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for stimulating appetite?

Ghrelin Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of Gluconeogenesis in metabolism.

Making glucose from amino acids; Regenerating metabolites Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between anabolic and catabolic processes in metabolism.

Anabolic regenerates metabolites; Catabolic degrades fuel to generate ATP Signup and view all the answers

How does PYY3-36 influence Agouti-related peptide and Neuropeptide Y?

Suppresses them Signup and view all the answers