Rodents & Snakes

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Questions and Answers

What is the main feature of a rodent's teeth?

A pair of incisors

What is the sub-order to which mouse-shaped rodents belong?

Myomorph

Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted from rodents?

Malaria

Which of the following is a flea that sucks blood from wild rodents?

Xenopsylla Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the rodent species that can transmit diseases to humans?

Rattus norvegicus Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical importance of rodents?

Reservoir for few diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission method of diseases from rodents to humans?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of rodents that live around humans?

They are omnivorous Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinct characteristic of the feces of Rattus rattus diardii?

Crescent-shaped and soft Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the mating habits of rats?

They are able to reproduce throughout the year Signup and view all the answers

How long is the pregnancy period of rats?

19-24 days Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Suncus murinus?

Lives in houses Signup and view all the answers

What do rats use to mark their territory?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that contributes to the high reproductive rate of rats?

Early sex maturity Signup and view all the answers

How many infants can a rat have per pregnancy?

5-7 Signup and view all the answers

Which species of rat is known to be a good swimmer?

Rattus norvegicus Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of toxic substances on living cells?

Irreversible damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of severe bleeding?

Severe pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of paralysis on the body?

Impaired movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of myoglobinuria on the kidneys?

Impaired kidney function Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of RBC destruction?

Decreased oxygen delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of disruption of blood clotting?

Impaired wound healing Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of skeletal muscle fibre damage?

Impaired muscle function Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of nervous system toxicity?

Impaired nervous system function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using rat traps in solid waste management?

To prevent rodents from spreading diseases Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to close the drain in a building?

To prevent rodents from entering Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to use baits in solid waste management?

To use them at the route Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using glue in solid waste management?

To use at papan plywood Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to store raw materials well in solid waste management?

To prevent contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using rat traps in confined spaces?

To prevent rodents from spreading diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using plywood in solid waste management?

To use with glue Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to collect waste regularly in solid waste management?

To prevent contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a macular eruption?

It is a skin rash that excludes the face, hand, and feet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

Muscle pain (myalgia) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with Hantavirus infection?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the most severe outcome of Hantavirus infection?

Coma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of both HFRS and HPS?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between HFRS and HPS?

HFRS affects the kidneys, while HPS affects the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with the later stages of Hantavirus infection?

Hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rodents

Rodents are mammals that live around humans, found all over the world, and are characterized by a pair of incisors that are used for biting.
They are classified into three sub-orders: Myomorph (mouse-shaped), Sciuromorpha (squirrel-shaped), and Hystrichomorpha (porcupine-shaped).

Medical Importance

Rodents are reservoirs for several diseases, including typhus, plague, leptospirosis, trichiniasis, and others.
Xenopsylla and Stenocephalides are fleas that are commonly found on rodents and can transmit diseases to humans.

Characteristics of Rodents

Rodents have a tail that is shorter than their body.
They are good swimmers and live in ground burrows.
Their feces are cresent-shaped and soft.

Rattus norvegicus (Brown Rat)

Also known as the big rat, it has a tail that is shorter than its body.
It is a good swimmer and lives in ground burrows.
Its feces are cresent-shaped and soft.

Rattus rattus diardii (House Rat)

Also known as the house rat, it is smaller than the brown rat.
It has a tail that is longer than its body.
It lives in houses and its feces are sausage-shaped, hard, and scattered.

Suncus murinus (Asian House Rat)

It is a small rodent that lives in houses and marks its territory with urine.
Its feces are soft and scattered.

Biology of Rats

Rats have a high reproduction rate due to factors such as early sex maturity, short pregnancy period, and ability to reproduce throughout the year.
They can have 15-7 infants per pregnancy.

Symptoms of Hantavirus and HPS

Hantavirus and HPS (Hemorrhagic fever with Renal Syndrome) symptoms include high fever, cough, headache, and hemorrhagic fever.
Other symptoms include macular eruption, spread of rash all over the body, and renal failure.

Control Measures

Control measures include using rat traps, baits, and solid waste management.
Regularly collecting waste, storing raw materials, and using plastic and glue can help prevent rodent infestations.
Properly closing drains and building maintenance can also help prevent rodent infestations.

Toxicity of Rodents

Rodents can cause toxicity to the nervous system, disrupt blood clotting, and cause irreversible damage to living cells.
Symptoms of rodent bites include swelling, severe pain, and bleeding.
Other symptoms include paralysis, myoglobunuria, and presence of blood in the urine.

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