Rocks and Minerals: Types and Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is true for granite?

  • It is soft and easily scratched.
  • It has a rough texture and is speckled. (correct)
  • It forms from the compression of shell creatures.
  • It is found in the Connemara region of Ireland.

What process leads to the formation of limestone?

  • Metamorphosis of granite through heat.
  • Solidification of magma beneath the earth's surface.
  • Cooling of lava at the surface.
  • Compression of shelly sea creatures over time. (correct)

Which statement is true about marble?

  • It is soft and can be easily scratched.
  • It has a rough texture similar to granite.
  • It forms from the cooling of magma.
  • It is formed by the transformation of limestone through heat. (correct)

Which type of rock is primarily smooth and can vary in color from white to black?

<p>Marble (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of sedimentary rocks like sandstone and limestone?

<p>They often form layers through sedimentation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Igneous Rock Example

Granite and basalt are examples of igneous rocks, formed from cooled magma or lava.

Sedimentary Rock Formation

Sedimentary rocks, like limestone, form from compressed layers of sediment like shells, sand or mud.

Limestone Characteristics

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, formed from compressed shells and can vary in colors from white to gray and textures from smooth to rough.

Metamorphic Rock Transformation

Metamorphic rocks, like marble, are formed when existing rock is changed by heat and pressure.

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Marble Formation

Marble forms when limestone is heated by magma, creating beautiful crystals.

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Study Notes

Granite Characteristics

  • Granite is a coarse-grained igneous rock
  • Granite is composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, and other minerals
  • Granite is commonly found in mountainous regions

Limestone Formation

  • Limestone is formed through a process called sedimentation
  • Limestone forms from the accumulation of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons of marine organisms
  • Over time, these organic materials solidify and become sedimentary rock

Marble Characteristics

  • Marble is a metamorphic rock
  • Marble is formed from the transformation of limestone under heat and pressure
  • Marble is known for its smooth surface and varied color palette (white, grey, black, and others)

Smooth and Colored Rock

  • Marble is a smooth rock
  • Marble can vary in colour, ranging from white to black

Common Feature of Sedimentary Rocks

  • Sandstone and limestone are sedimentary rocks
  • They are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments
  • This process creates layered structures within these rock types

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