Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which process is primarily responsible for breaking down rocks into smaller pieces?
Which process is primarily responsible for breaking down rocks into smaller pieces?
- Weathering (correct)
- Cementation
- Compaction
- Erosion
Lava is molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface.
Lava is molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface.
False (B)
What two processes are involved in lithification?
What two processes are involved in lithification?
Compaction and cementation
The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil is called ______.
The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil is called ______.
Match the rock type with its formation process:
Match the rock type with its formation process:
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes intrusive igneous rocks from extrusive igneous rocks?
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes intrusive igneous rocks from extrusive igneous rocks?
Foliation is a characteristic feature of all metamorphic rocks.
Foliation is a characteristic feature of all metamorphic rocks.
What is the main difference between a mineral and a rock?
What is the main difference between a mineral and a rock?
Horizontal layers of sedimentary rock are referred to as ______.
Horizontal layers of sedimentary rock are referred to as ______.
Match the term with its definition:
Match the term with its definition:
Which of the following processes is most directly associated with the formation of sedimentary rocks?
Which of the following processes is most directly associated with the formation of sedimentary rocks?
The rock cycle describes a linear, one-way path that rocks follow as they transform from one type to another.
The rock cycle describes a linear, one-way path that rocks follow as they transform from one type to another.
What two factors cause a rock to become a metamorphic rock?
What two factors cause a rock to become a metamorphic rock?
Igneous rocks that form from lava are classified as ______ igneous rocks.
Igneous rocks that form from lava are classified as ______ igneous rocks.
Match the following descriptions to the type of rock it describes:
Match the following descriptions to the type of rock it describes:
Which observation would indicate that a rock is sedimentary?
Which observation would indicate that a rock is sedimentary?
Compaction occurs when particles of sediment begin to stick together by clay or minerals.
Compaction occurs when particles of sediment begin to stick together by clay or minerals.
How can the crystal structure help classify rocks?
How can the crystal structure help classify rocks?
Metamorphic that lacks a layered or banded appearance is called ______.
Metamorphic that lacks a layered or banded appearance is called ______.
Match the process with its definition
Match the process with its definition
Flashcards
Mineral
Mineral
A naturally occurring solid with a crystal structure and definite chemical composition, formed by inorganic processes.
Rock
Rock
A naturally occurring solid material composed of one or more minerals.
Texture
Texture
How something feels when touched; determined by the size of grains in rocks.
Magma
Magma
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Lava
Lava
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
Intrusive Igneous Rock
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Extrusive Igneous Rock
Extrusive Igneous Rock
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Sediment
Sediment
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Weathering
Weathering
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Erosion
Erosion
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Compaction
Compaction
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Cementation
Cementation
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Strata
Strata
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Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary Rock
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Foliated
Foliated
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Non-foliated
Non-foliated
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Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic Rock
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Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle
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Igneous Rock Formation
Igneous Rock Formation
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Sedimentary Rock Formation
Sedimentary Rock Formation
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Study Notes
- Mineral: Naturally occurring solid formed by inorganic processes, possessing a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
- Rock: Naturally occurring solid composed of one or more minerals.
- Texture: Describes how a rock feels; based on the size of the grains.
- Magma: Molten rock located beneath Earth’s surface.
- Lava: Molten rock located above Earth’s surface.
- Intrusive Igneous Rock: Formed from magma beneath Earth’s surface.
- Extrusive Igneous Rock: Formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface.
- Sediment: Small, solid pieces of material originating from rocks or remains of organisms; materials deposited by erosion.
- Weathering: Natural process that slowly breaks apart rock.
- Erosion: Process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil.
- Compaction: The process where sediment is pressed together over time, reducing the space between particles.
- Cementation: The process where sediment particles stick together via clay or minerals.
- Strata: Horizontal layers of sedimentary rock.
- Sedimentary Rock: Formed by deposition of eroded minerals transported by wind, water, or ice, subsequently buried, compacted, and cemented.
- Foliated: Metamorphic rock with distinct, repetitive layers of mineral grains along straight or wavy planes.
- Non-foliated: Metamorphic rock lacking a layered or banded appearance.
- Metamorphic Rock: Any rock type physically or chemically changed by heat and pressure deep within Earth.
Rock cycle
- The process that rocks undergo to transform into different types of rocks.
Formation of Igneous Rock
- Metamorphic rock melts into magma, then cools.
- Identified by the formation of its crystals.
Formation of Metamorphic Rock
- Sedimentary rock is compacted and cemented.
- Identified by distinct wavy or straight patterns of minerals.
Formation of Sedimentary Rock
- Sediments are subjected to heat and pressure.
- Characterized by strata (rock layers) and formed by pre-existing rocks.
Rock Cycle Processes
- Weathering and Erosion
- Compaction and Cementation
- Heat and Pressure
- Melting
- Cooling
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