Robustness Principle Quiz

TCP, UDP, and IP

To contain communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

<p>Steve Crocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DARPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bob Kahn</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission Control Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>US Department of Defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>January 1, 1983</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interop</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>University of California, Berkeley</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Server port 80</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ephemeral port numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>User protocols provide services, while support protocols are associated with particular client-server applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Application layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Link layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internet layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide abstraction of protocols and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Link layer = Contains communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment Internet layer = Provides internetworking between independent networks Transport layer = Handles host-to-host communication Application layer = Provides process-to-process data exchange for applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP = Connection-oriented and provides reliability by addressing numerous reliability issues in providing a reliable byte stream UDP = Connectionless and typically used for applications where on-time arrival is more important than reliability IP = Responsible for translating the network addressing methods used in the Internet Protocol to link-layer addresses NCP = The host-host protocol developed by the Network Control Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protocol stack = An implementation of the layers for a particular application Abstraction layers = Organize the functionality of the Internet protocol suite into four layers TCP/IP = The framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks IETF = The organization that maintains the technical standards underlying the Internet protocol suite and its constituent protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) = $80$ Telnet = $23$ File Transfer Protocol (FTP) = $21$ Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) = $25$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well-known ports = Reserved by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for specific protocols or types of communication Ephemeral ports = Assigned only for the duration of the transaction at random or from a specific range configured in the application Server ports = Used by specific client-server applications Client ports = Typically use ephemeral ports to connect to a service</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Application layer = Includes the protocols used by most applications for providing user services or exchanging application data over the network connections established by the lower-level protocols Transport layer = Provides reliable or unreliable data delivery services to the upper layers Internet layer = Responsible for moving packets between the internet layer interfaces of two different hosts on the same link Link layer = Establishes basic data channels that applications use for task-specific data exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP = A connection-oriented protocol that provides a reliable byte stream UDP = A connectionless datagram protocol that is best-effort and unreliable SCTP = A newer protocol that is message-stream-oriented and provides multiple streams multiplexed over a single connection QUIC = An emerging alternative transport protocol that is technically carried via UDP packets and seeks to offer enhanced transport connectivity relative to TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HTTP = A protocol for transferring hypertext requests and responses between clients and servers FTP = A protocol used for transferring files between a client and server on a computer network SMTP = A protocol for sending and receiving electronic mail DHCP = A protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP = Transport layer IP = Internet layer HTTP = Application layer HDLC = Data link layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP = High reliability, as it provides a reliable byte stream UDP = No reliability, as it is a best-effort, unreliable protocol SCTP = High reliability, as it is also a reliable, connection-oriented transport mechanism QUIC = Enhanced reliability relative to TCP, as it seeks to offer enhanced transport connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Link layer = Operates within the scope of the local network connection to which a host is attached Internet layer = Responsible for sending data from the source network to the destination network Transport layer = Establishes basic data channels that applications use for task-specific data exchange Application layer = Includes the protocols used by most applications for providing user services or exchanging application data over the network connections established by the lower-level protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IPv4 = Uses a 32-bit IP address and is capable of identifying approximately four billion hosts IPv6 = Uses 128-bit addresses, eliminating the limitation of IPv4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) = Protocol number 1 in the Internet Protocol Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) = Protocol number 2 in the Internet Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sending behavior = An implementation must be conservative and careful to send well-formed datagrams Receiving behavior = An implementation must be liberal and accept any datagram that it can interpret</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steve Crocker = Established a 'Networking Working Group' which developed a host-host protocol, the Network Control Program (NCP) Bob Kahn = Recognized the value of being able to communicate across both satellite packet networks and ground-based radio packet networks Vinton Cerf = Joined Kahn with the goal of designing the next protocol generation for the ARPANET to enable internetworking Jonathan Postel = Edited the Request for Comments (RFCs), the technical and strategic document series that has both documented and catalyzed Internet development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Version 1 = Provided only a reliable byte stream service to its users, not datagram Version 3 = Split the TCP into two distinct protocols, the Internet Protocol as connectionless layer and the Transmission Control Protocol as a reliable connection-oriented service Version 4 = Installed in the ARPANET in 1983 and became known as Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 = The current successor of IPv4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Louis Pouzin = Designer of the CYCLADES network, with important influences on the design of the Internet protocol suite Hubert Zimmermann = Designer of the CYCLADES network, with important influences on the design of the Internet protocol suite Danny Cohen = Advocated for the division of functionality into layers of distinct protocols, including the datagram service Robert Metcalfe = His research group at Xerox PARC advocated for the division of functionality into layers of distinct protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internet Protocol (IP) = Responsible for translating the network addressing methods used in the Internet Protocol to link-layer addresses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) = A reliable connection-oriented service User Datagram Protocol (UDP) = A connectionless transport layer protocol used for applications where on-time arrival is more important than reliability Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) = Used by network devices, including routers, to send error messages and operational information about the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1977 = Three-network IP test conducted between sites in the US, the UK, and Norway March 1982 = US Department of Defense declares TCP/IP as the standard for all military computer networking January 1, 1983 = Migration of the ARPANET from NCP to TCP/IP officially completed June 1989 = University of California, Berkeley agrees to place the TCP/IP code developed for BSD UNIX into the public domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IBM, AT&amp;T, DEC = First major corporations to adopt TCP/IP University of Wisconsin = First VM/CMS TCP/IP stack FTP Software and the Wollongong Group = Began offering TCP/IP stacks for DOS and Microsoft Windows Microsoft = Released a native TCP/IP stack in Windows 95</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCP = Connection-oriented protocol that provides reliability by addressing numerous reliability issues in providing a reliable byte stream IP = Responsible for moving packets between the internet layer interfaces of two different hosts on the same link Link Layer = Responsible for translating the network addressing methods used in the Internet Protocol to link-layer addresses Application Layer = Includes the protocols used by most applications for providing user services or exchanging application data over the network connections established by the lower-level protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Router = A computer that is provided with an interface to each network and forwards network packets back and forth between them Gateway = Original term for a router, but changed to avoid confusion with other types of gateways TCP/IP = Standard for all military computer networking declared by the US Department of Defense in March 1982 Interop = Conference focused on network interoperability by broader adoption of TCP/IP, founded by Dan Lynch in 1985</p> Signup and view all the answers