Robotic Surgery Fundamentals

Robotic Surgery

Definition Robotic surgery, also known as robot-assisted surgery, is a type of minimally invasive surgery that uses a robotic system to assist the surgeon during the procedure.

Components of a Robotic Surgery System

• Console: The surgeon's control station where they sit and manipulate the robotic instruments.
• Patient-side cart: The robotic arms that hold the surgical instruments and camera.
• Surgical instruments: Designed to mimic the movement of the human hand, with enhanced dexterity and precision.
• High-definition 3D camera: Provides a clear and magnified view of the operating site.

Advantages

• Enhanced precision and dexterity: The robotic system allows for more precise dissection and suturing.
• Improved visualization: The high-definition 3D camera provides a clear and magnified view of the operating site.
• Less invasive: Smaller incisions and less tissue damage result in less pain and scarring for the patient.
• Reduced blood loss: The robotic system allows for more precise control of bleeding.

Types of Robotic Surgery

• Laparoscopic robotic surgery: Used for procedures such as cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, and prostatectomy.
• Thoracoscopic robotic surgery: Used for procedures such as lung resection and esophagectomy.
• Urologic robotic surgery: Used for procedures such as prostatectomy and kidney surgery.

Robotic Surgery in Specific Specialties

• Urology: Prostatectomy, kidney surgery, and bladder surgery.
• Gynecology: Hysterectomy, endometriosis treatment, and tubal ligation.
• Cardiothoracic surgery: Heart bypass surgery, heart valve repair, and lung resection.
• General surgery: Cholecystectomy, hernia repair, and colon resection.

Challenges and Limitations

• Cost: The high cost of the robotic system and maintenance.
• Training and experience: Surgeons require specialized training and experience to operate the robotic system.
• Technical difficulties: The risk of technical difficulties and robotic system failures during surgery.