Robbery Elements Flashcards - Chapter 13

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Questions and Answers

What are the elements of robbery?

  • The use of force, fear, or threat of force (correct)
  • The intent to deprive permanently (correct)
  • Taking (correct)
  • Another (correct)
  • Personal Property (correct)
  • Carrying Away (correct)

What does the taking element of robbery consist of?

The property taken in a robbery must be taken illegally by the robber.

What does the element of 'Trespassory' mean in robbery?

The property taken must be taken illegally by the robber; it is an element of robbery.

What must happen once the taking element has been satisfied?

<p>The robber must then have carried away the property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the object of the robbery be?

<p>Personal property as opposed to real estate or things attached to the land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Another' mean in the elements of robbery?

<p>The property taken must belong to another, not to the accused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intent behind robbery?

<p>Robbery is a crime of specific intent aimed at depriving the owner permanently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the use of force or fear in robbery entail?

<p>The force or threat of force must be directed against the physical safety of the victim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does robbery involve in Ohio?

<p>Attempting or committing a theft offense while having a deadly weapon, inflicting harm, or threatening physical harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of robbery?

<p>The objective is to get the victim's immediate compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are typologies of robberies? (Select all that apply)

<p>Home Invasion Robberies (B), Carjackings (C), Visible Street Robberies (D), Taxi Cab Robberies (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of robberies happen on the street?

<p>Approximately 50%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are muggings?

<p>No weapons are involved and attack the victim physically to take cash, jewelry, and other valuables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are carjackings?

<p>Hijacking or stealing a car by force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of reported robberies are home invasion robberies?

<p>About 12%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Automatic Teller Machine robberies?

<p>Robberies at ATM locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are taxi cab drivers considered easy targets for robbery?

<p>They work alone and are available at all times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of robberies are convenience store robberies?

<p>About 6%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may truck hijacking robberies lead to in terms of financial loss?

<p>$10 to $12 billion a year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aggravated robbery as defined in Ohio?

<p>A theft offense involving a deadly weapon, dangerous ordnance, or serious physical harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary tactical objectives for responding officers? (Select all that apply)

<p>Tactical control of the scene (B), Officer protection (D), Public safety (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do follow-up robbery investigation procedures typically involve?

<p>A police department's policies on when detectives respond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of officer stereotyping? (Select all that apply)

<p>Situational Stereotyping (A), Physical Stereotyping (C), Action Stereotyping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is action stereotyping?

<p>When an officer's expectations cause them to inaccurately perceive an event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is physical stereotyping?

<p>An officer's expectation that a robber will match a certain description.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is situational stereotyping?

<p>Increased vulnerability based on an officer's previous experience with a location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Taking (Robbery)

The act of illegally acquiring property by the robber.

Carrying Away (Robbery)

The physical removal of the stolen property by the robber after taking it.

Personal Property (Robbery)

Tangible or intangible items that can be stolen, excluding real estate.

Belonged to Another (Robbery)

The property must be owned by someone else; personal ownership disqualifies it.

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Intent to Deprive Permanently (Robbery)

The robber must have the specific intention to permanently deprive the owner of their property.

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Use of Force, Fear, or Threat (Robbery)

The robber must use force or threats against the victim's physical safety.

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Ohio Robbery Definition

The act of theft involving possession of a deadly weapon, inflicting or threatening harm, or using force against another.

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Robbery Objective

To obtain immediate compliance from the victim.

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Visible Street Robbery

A common type of robbery occurring when victims are alone on the street.

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Carjacking

The forceful taking of a car, originating from the 1990s.

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Home Invasion Robbery

Robbery involving entering a home with the intent to steal.

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ATM Robbery

Robbery occurring at an ATM, often a crime hotspot due to visibility.

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Taxi Cab Robbery

Robbery targeting taxi drivers who work alone for long hours.

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Convenience Store Robbery

Robbery occurring at a convenience store, representing about 6% of reported robberies.

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Truck Hijacking Robbery

Robbery involving the theft of cargo from trucks, resulting in billions of dollars in annual losses.

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Aggravated Robbery (Ohio)

Theft involving possession of a deadly weapon, dangerous ordnance, or inflicting serious physical harm.

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Aggravated Robbery (Ohio) - Weapon Possession

Robbery involving possessing a deadly weapon and displaying or threatening its use.

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Aggravated Robbery (Ohio) - Dangerous Ordnance

Robbery involving possessing a dangerous explosive device.

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Aggravated Robbery (Ohio) - Serious Physical Harm

Robbery involving inflicting serious physical injuries upon the victim.

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Aggravated Robbery Classification

Aggravated robbery in Ohio is classified as a first-degree felony.

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Officer Response - Primary Objectives

Ensure public safety, protect officer safety, and maintain tactical control of the scene.

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Officer Response - Secondary Objectives

Conduct preliminary investigations, apprehend suspects, and recover stolen property.

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Follow-up Investigation Procedures

Police departments have specific procedures for detective response timing and criteria.

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Action Stereotyping

Officers misinterpret events due to rigid expectations or preconceived notions of how an event should unfold.

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Physical Stereotyping

Officers expect robbers to fit specific physical descriptions based on stereotypes.

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Situational Stereotyping

Officers' prior experiences in certain locations create biases that influence their perception of events.

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Study Notes

Elements of Robbery

  • Taking: Requires illegal acquisition of property by the robber.
  • Carrying Away: After taking, the robber must physically carry away the property.
  • Personal Property: Only tangible or intangible items, not real estate, qualify.
  • Belonged to Another: The property must be owned by someone else; personal ownership disqualifies it.
  • Intent to Deprive Permanently: Specific intent is essential; law enforcement must verify this element.
  • Use of Force, Fear, or Threat: Requires that force or threats be directed against the victim’s physical safety.

Robbery Definition in Ohio

  • Defined by actions during a theft attempt, including:
    • Possession of a deadly weapon
    • Inflicting or threatening harm
    • Use of force against another
  • Violations categorize as a felony, with specific degrees based on elements involved.

Objective of a Robbery

  • Immediate compliance from the victim is the primary goal of the robber.

Typologies of Robberies

  • Visible Street Robberies: Account for 50% of robberies, often occurring when victims are alone.
  • Carjackings: Defined as forcefully stealing a car; term originated from 1990s Detroit.
  • Home Invasion Robberies: Constitute about 12% of robberies, involve entry into homes.
  • ATM Robberies: Viewed as crime hotspots due to high visibility.
  • Taxi Cab Robberies: Targets include solitary drivers working around the clock.
  • Convenience Store Robberies: Represent roughly 6% of reported robberies.
  • Truck Hijacking Robberies: Cargo theft results in annual losses estimated between $10 to $12 billion.

Aggravated Robbery in Ohio

  • Defined as theft involving:
    • Deadly weapon possession with display or threat
    • Dangerous ordnance possession
    • Inflicting serious physical harm
  • Classified as a first-degree felony.

Officer Considerations in Response

  • Primary Tactical Objectives:
    • Ensure public safety
    • Protect officer safety
    • Maintain tactical control of the scene
  • Secondary Objectives:
    • Conduct preliminary investigations
    • Apprehend suspects
    • Recover stolen property

Follow-up Investigation Procedures

  • Police departments maintain policies detailing detective response criteria and timing.

Types of Officer Stereotyping

  • Action Stereotyping: Officers may misinterpret events due to rigid expectations.
  • Physical Stereotyping: Officers expect robbers to fit specific physical descriptions.
  • Situational Stereotyping: Officers' prior experiences in certain locations can create biases that affect perception.

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