30 Questions
What is the term for the distance ahead that must be clear to permit safe passing?
Passing Sight Distance
What is the ratio between parallel forces divided by the normal forces in banking of curves?
Coefficient of Friction
What is the time taken for the final action in the driver's response to a stimulus?
Volition Time
What is the standard reaction time used for road safety design?
2.5 sec
What is the time taken from the instant the object is visible to the driver to the instant the brakes are effectively applied?
Reaction Time
What is the measure of the number of vehicles per unit distance occupying a section of roadway at a given instant time?
Density
What type of tide occurs when the moon is in its quarter and the lines connecting the earth with the sun and the moon form a right triangle?
Neap Tides
What is the term for the circulation of masses of air more or less parallel to the earth's surface?
Wind
What is the graphical representation of the direction, frequency, and intensity of winds at a particular location over a period of time called?
Wind Rose
What scale is used to measure the intensity and free of winds?
Beaufort's Scale
What is the term for the higher of the two high waters of any diurnal tide?
Higher high water
What is the term for the tidal current setting into the bays and estuaries along the coast?
Flood Current
What is the term used to describe the degree and kind of cohesion and adhesion between the soil particles?
Soil Quality
What is the process of dividing the sliding mass above the failure surface into a number of slices?
Method of Slices
Which method is used to measure the ability of the soil to withstand an applied stress or pressure?
Fingering Resistance
What is the term used to describe the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as a liquid material and begins to flow?
Liquid limit
What is the term for the type of failure that occurs when the surface of sliding passes at a distance below the toe of the slope?
Base Failure
What is the term used to describe the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as a plastic material?
Plastic limit
What is the condition in which every point in a soil mass is on the verge of failure?
Plastic Equilibrium
What is the term for the pressure that soil exerts against a structure in a sideways, mainly horizontal direction?
Lateral Earth Pressure
What is the term used to describe the moisture content at which no further volume change occurs with further reduction in moisture content?
Shrinkage Limit
What is the state that occurs when a soil mass is allowed to relax or move outward to the point of reaching the limiting strength of the soil?
Extensional Failure
What is the purpose of Flow Nets in groundwater flow?
To calculate the flow lines and equipotential lines of groundwater flow
What is the term for the circle of failure in the case of base failure?
Toe Circle
What is the minimum lateral soil pressure that may be exerted?
Passive State
What type of foundation is used to spread the load of the structure over a large area of the soil?
Spread Footing
What is the term for a combined footing that may cover the entire area under a structure, supporting several columns and walls?
Raft Foundation
Who is credited with presenting a comprehensive theory for evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity of rough shallow foundations?
Terzaghi
Who proposed a correlation for the net allowable bearing pressure for foundations with the standard penetration resistance?
Meyorhof
What type of retaining wall is constructed with plain concrete or stone masonry?
Gravity and Masonry Wall
Study Notes
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
- The method of slices is used to analyze the stability of a slope, dividing the sliding mass above the failure surface into a number of slices.
Methods of Slices
- A. Method of Slices
- B. Bishop's Simplified Method of Slices
- C. Sarma Method
- D. Lorimer's Method
Failure Circle
- The failure circle is used in the case of base failure.
Types of Failure
- A. Slope failure: occurs when the surface of sliding passes below the toe of the slope.
- B. Circular Failure
- C. Base Failure
- D. Critical Failure
Soil Equilibrium
- A. Plastic Equilibrium: a state where every point in a soil mass is on the verge of failure.
- B. Elastic Equilibrium
- C. Dynamic Equilibrium
- D. Static Equilibrium
Lateral Earth Pressure
- Lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts against a structure in a sideways, mainly horizontal direction.
- It is used in the design of ground engineering structures such as retaining walls, basements, tunnels, and deep foundations.
Active and Passive States
- A. Active State: the minimum lateral soil pressure that may be exerted.
- B. Passive State: the state occurs when a soil mass is allowed to relax or move outward to the point of reaching the limiting strength of the soil.
Foundations
- A. Spread Footing: a type of foundation that spreads the load of the structure over a large area of the soil.
- B. Mat Foundation: a combined footing that covers the entire area under a structure, supporting several columns and walls.
- C. Pile and Drilled Shaft Foundation
- D. Deep Foundation
Structural Members
- A. Footing: a structural member made of concrete, timber, or steel that transmits the load of the superstructure to the lower layers of the soil.
- B. Anchorage
- C. Pile
- D. Column
Bearing Capacity
- A. Rankine: the first to present a comprehensive theory for evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity of rough shallow foundations.
- B. Terzaghi
- C. Coulomb
- D. Meyerhof
Retaining Walls
- A. Plain Concrete or Stone Masonry Walls: constructed with plain concrete or stone masonry.
Coefficient of Friction
- The ratio between parallel forces divided by the normal forces (in banking of curves).
Time and Perception in Road Safety Design
- A. Perception Time: the time taken from the instant the object is visible to the driver to the instant he realizes that the vehicle needs to be stopped.
- B. Identification Time
- C. Emotion Time
- D. Volition Time
Flow and Density in Traffic
- A. Capacity: the number of vehicles per unit distance occupying a section of roadway at a given instant time.
- B. Volume
- C. Density
- D. Flow
Test your knowledge of road safety and traffic engineering concepts, including stopping distances, passing sight distances, and more.
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