Road Design Principles and Guidelines
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of an access ramp in road construction?

  • To improve visibility for drivers
  • To provide a decorative feature on the road
  • To allow entrance from lower ground levels (correct)
  • To serve as a rest area for vehicles

    • Which term describes the act of refilling suitable materials removed during construction?

  • Compaction
  • Excavation
  • Culverting
  • Backfilling (correct)

    • What does the term California Bearing Ratio (CBR) express?

  • The weight capacity of soil
  • The standard slope for drainage design
  • The ratio between a test load and a defined standard load (correct)
  • The strength of concrete materials

    • What is the purpose of coco coir peat in agricultural practices?

    <p>To enhance soil structure and fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is described as a granular component for construction tasks?

    <p>Aggregates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does compaction affect soil materials in construction?

    <p>Decreases soil permeability and enhances strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of drainage structures in road construction?

    <p>To remove water from the road area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an embankment in construction?

    <p>A raised construction of earth or stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a culvert?

    <p>It is a structure for drainage under roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of load does the Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL) concept relate to?

    <p>Converted axle load equivalent to an 18-kip single axle load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum radius recommended for curves at a design speed of 30 kph?

    <p>30 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of terrain allows for the steepest maximum grade at a design speed of 30 kph?

    <p>Mountainous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum design grade for paved surfaces to ensure drainage?

    <p>0.30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical length of upgrade is required for a design grade of 6%?

    <p>200 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which design speed does the maximum grade remain constant across different types of terrain?

    <p>40 kph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the maximum grade be used infrequently according to the design guidelines?

    <p>It can cause safety concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advised maximum grade for rolling terrain at a design speed of 50 kph?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum grade for mountainous terrain at a design speed of 60 kph?

    <p>13%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum widening on curves?

    <p>0.60 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should a one-lane roadway be constructed?

    <p>In places where only light vehicles pass through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the minimum distance between consecutive turnouts on a one-lane roadway?

    <p>1000 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material should the widened section on curves be made of?

    <p>Same material as the carriageway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ditch should be constructed to prevent erosion on steep slopes during road expansion?

    <p>Steep slope ditch made of other materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature must a one-lane roadway have to facilitate the maneuvering of two vehicles?

    <p>Turnouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the site for road expansion of a one-lane roadway?

    <p>Expansion can occur to either side of the center of the existing right-of-way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sharp curve defined by in roadway design?

    <p>A radius below the recommended minimum for a given design speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum radius for a road with a superelevation of 2.6% at a design speed of 50 kph?

    <p>94 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a speed of 30 kph, which superelevation corresponds to the largest minimum radius?

    <p>0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a superelevation of 4.0%, what is the minimum radius for a design speed of 60 kph?

    <p>135 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minimum radius values corresponds to a superelevation of 3.8% at 40 kph?

    <p>47 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a design speed of 60 kph and a superelevation of 2.4%, what is the corresponding minimum radius?

    <p>146 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the superelevation percentage corresponding to a minimum radius of 92 m at a speed of 50 kph?

    <p>2.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a design speed of 40 kph, what is the minimum radius for a superelevation of 3.4%?

    <p>47 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of superelevation and design speed results in a minimum radius of 83 m?

    <p>4.6% at 60 kph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum radius with a superelevation of 1.5% at a speed of 30 kph?

    <p>23 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the superelevation is increased to 3.0% at a speed of 40 kph, what is the new minimum radius?

    <p>48 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which standard method is used for determining the plasticity index of soils?

    <p>AASHTO T 89</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ASTM D 1633?

    <p>Determining compressive strength of molded soil-cement cylinders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specification outlines the properties of blended hydraulic cement?

    <p>AASHTO M240M/M240</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does AASHTO T 96 test for in small-size coarse aggregates?

    <p>Resistance to degradation by abrasion and impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is utilized for testing the density of in-place soil by the sand-cone method?

    <p>AASHTO T 191</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard practice described in ASTM D 4718/D4718M?

    <p>Correcting unit weight and water content for soils with oversize particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specification deals with thermoplastic traffic line material testing?

    <p>AASHTO T 250</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does AASHTO T 71 evaluate in fine aggregates?

    <p>Effect of organic impurities on strength of mortar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test method is used for measuring the slump of hydraulic cement concrete?

    <p>AASHTO T 119M/T119</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which standard method assesses the liquid limit of soil?

    <p>AASHTO T 90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is outlined in AASHTO R 71?

    <p>Sampling and testing frequency of hydraulic cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document specifies the safety design standards for highway signs and pavement markings?

    <p>DPWH Highway Safety Design Standards Part 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does AASHTO T 134 serve in construction?

    <p>Determining moisture-density relations of soil-cement mixtures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Road Design

    • Minimum radius of 30 meters for curves, lower values may apply for superelevated curves but not less than 25 meters for 30 kph design speed.
    • Maximum grades for different terrain types and design speeds are provided in Table 2.
    • Minimum grade for paved surfaces is 0.30% for drainage on curved and cut sections.
    • Critical lengths of upgrades (in meters) based on a 20-tonne truck are provided in Table 3.
    • Minimum radii and superelevation for curves are provided in Table 5.
    • Minimum radius for a given design speed governs.
    • Roadbed should be widened on curves, particularly sharp curves, with a minimum widening of 0.60 meters.
    • One-lane roadway is suitable for light vehicles with an ADT (Average Daily Traffic) of less than 50.
    • Turnouts are recommended for one-lane roadways, especially on steep grades along mountainous areas.
    • Turnout should be 1 meter wide and 60 meters long, with a minimum distance of 1000 meters between consecutive turnouts.
    • The road for a one-lane roadway should be constructed either left or right from the center of the existing ROW to accommodate expansion in the future.
    • The minimum road carriageway width requirement for one-lane and two-lane roadways is summarized in Table 6.

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    Related Documents

    PNS/BAFS PABES 289:2019 Philippine National Standard for Farm-to-Market Roads - Concrete Roads PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers vital road design principles, including minimum curve radii and grades based on terrain types. Key concepts like superelevation, roadway widening, and recommendations for one-lane roadways are also addressed. Test your knowledge on effective design strategies for roadways accommodating diverse traffic conditions.

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