Road Construction and Philippine Development
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Questions and Answers

What was considered a necessity for survival during the automobile age from 1960 to the early 1980s?

  • Air travel
  • Cars (correct)
  • Bicycles
  • Public transportation

    • What is a primary objective of highway planning?

  • Prioritize luxury vehicle access
  • Achieve efficient traffic operations at minimum cost (correct)
  • Minimize the number of highways constructed
  • Ensure roads are built regardless of cost

    • Which of the following is NOT considered an input for highway programming?

  • Economic aspects
  • Geographic constraints (correct)
  • Financial considerations
  • Political and administrative factors

    • What does the slogan 'This Nation is on Wheels' reflect?

    <p>The increase in road construction priority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were foreign banks primarily involved in during the development of highways and expressways?

    <p>Offering financial assistance and loans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does highway planning specifically aim to establish?

    <p>Maximum utility with minimal resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Highways contribute to economic development by primarily:

    <p>Reducing journey times and costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of highway programming, what does 'financial resources' refer to?

    <p>Funding sources for construction and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary construction method developed by John Loudon McAdam?

    <p>Utilizing a paving material of soil and stone aggregate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant development did Thomas Telford introduce to road construction?

    <p>Improvements to Jerome Tresaguet's methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the American government contribute to highway development in the Philippines?

    <p>By introducing the Macadam Road type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of using smaller stones in Telford's road foundation method?

    <p>To fill voids and create a smoother surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major characteristic of roads built using McAdam's method?

    <p>They relied on a layer of road crust for protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After World War II, which government body continued road rehabilitation and construction in the Philippines?

    <p>The Independent Philippine government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the technological advancements mentioned for road construction?

    <p>Development of new equipment for faster construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial condition of highways in the Philippines during the early 1900s?

    <p>They mostly consisted of trails, waterways, and earth roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of freeways?

    <p>Access to freeways is controlled without at-grade intersections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of road is specifically designed for high speeds and high traffic volume?

    <p>Expressways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are roads classified jurisdictionally?

    <p>According to their construction and maintenance responsibility entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes local streets?

    <p>They connect various regions within a municipality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of expressways?

    <p>Parking and pedestrian traffic are allowed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of road is meant for through traffic between major population centers?

    <p>Arterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consideration in the selection of road projects?

    <p>Availability of labor and materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which roads generally have fully or partially controlled access?

    <p>Arterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a local street?

    <p>To provide access primarily to residential and business areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes collector streets?

    <p>They provide service between towns and link with local streets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are national highways primarily designated for?

    <p>To connect provincial capitals with major commercial centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of national highways based on the Philippine Highway Act?

    <p>Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about provincial roads?

    <p>They link cities and municipalities without using national roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a responsibility of the Secretary of Public Works and Communications?

    <p>To recommend designating roads connecting municipalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of national tertiary roads?

    <p>They are of lower importance compared to primary and secondary roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is generally NOT a feature of collector streets?

    <p>No pedestrian movement allowed under any circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of integrating road patterns in the design of city road networks?

    <p>Facilitates interconnected roads to reduce dependency on cars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of road pattern is characterized by roads arranged like a star emanating from a central point?

    <p>Radial Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the rectangular (grid) road pattern?

    <p>It can lead to traffic congestion at intersections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which road pattern helps minimize travel time and distance by having straight alignments?

    <p>Minimum Travel Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the hexagonal road pattern?

    <p>The area is shaped into hexagonal figures with three roads at each corner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the radial pattern provide compared to other patterns?

    <p>It reduces the likelihood of congestion at roundabouts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of road pattern is specifically stated as being easier to construct and maintain?

    <p>Rectangular Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the minimum travel pattern impact the design of city roads?

    <p>By facilitating connections to suburban centers through the shortest routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Road Construction

    • Thomas Telford (1757-1834) improved on Jerome Tresaguet's road construction methods. Telford's foundation used stones with minimum dimensions of 3 inches thick, 5 inches wide, and 7 inches high.
    • John Loudon McAdam designed the first modern roads using a cheaper paving material of soil and stone aggregate (known as macadam). McAdam recognized that massive rock foundations were unnecessary and that native soil could support the road if protected by a road crust.

    Philippine Highway Development

    • Early 1900s transportation in the Philippines depended on trails, waterways, railroads, and unpaved roads.
    • American government initiated roadway development in the Philippines, connecting towns and cities. The Macadam Road was popular due to the abundance of stones and gravel.
    • After World War II, the Philippines continued road and bridge construction with reparations from Japan and financial aid from the U.S.
    • In the 1960s and 1970s, major highways and expressways were constructed with financial assistance from foreign banks.
    • The "This Nation is on Wheels" slogan signifies the government's focus on road construction to boost economic development by getting farmers out of the mud.

    Importance of Highways

    • Highways are vital for economic development by reducing travel time and costs, making regions more attractive for businesses.

    Highway Planning

    • Objectives: to plan a road network for efficient and safe traffic operations at minimum cost. This includes considering construction, maintenance, renewal of pavement layers, and vehicle operating costs.
    • Key considerations:
      • Maximizing utility within available resources.
      • Prioritizing road development based on utility.
      • Planning for anticipated future requirements and improvements.
      • Establishing financial systems.

    Highway Programming Approaches

    • Economic: focus on resource allocation.
    • Financial: determining who pays and how much for projects.
    • Political and Administrative: decision-making process.
    • Approaches:
      • Long-range implementation of agency functions (construction, operations, maintenance).
      • Recognizing legislative and administrative desires and constraints.
      • Prioritizing projects based on economic analysis, traffic levels, and political considerations.
      • Ensuring continuity and coordination with other transportation modes.
      • Selecting projects based on labor, material, and climatic conditions.
      • Coordinating implementation with other agencies and acquiring right-of-way.
      • Creating a budgetary reserve for emergencies.

    Road Classification

    • Functional classification: based on speed and accessibility.
    • Jurisdictional classification: based on the entity responsible for construction, maintenance, and operation.
    • Accessibility and speed order:
      • Freeways: divided highways with fully controlled access and no at-grade intersections. Usually four lanes but expand in urban areas.
      • Expressways: designed for high speeds (120 km/hr), high traffic volume, and safety. Grade separations at intersections. No parking, loading, or pedestrian traffic allowed.
      • Arterials: directly serve major population centers. They are divided highways with controlled access, limited parking, and restricted pedestrian movements.
      • Collector streets: provide direct service to towns, collect local traffic, and connect to arterials.
      • Local streets: primarily for local access. Minimal traffic volume, unrestricted parking, and allowed pedestrian movements.

    Philippine Road Classification

    • National Highway: connects provincial capitals, major commercial centers, airports, seaports, national parks, and roads of military importance (as designated by the President).
    • National Highway types (Department of Public Works and Highways):
      • ** National Primary Roads**
      • National Secondary Roads
      • National Tertiary Roads
    • Provincial Roads: connect cities and municipalities without traversing national roads, connect national roads to barangays (villages), and connect municipalities.
    •  Municipal and City Roads:
      • Roads within the Poblacion (town center)
      • Connect to provincial and national roads
      • Provide inter-barangay connections

    Road Patterns

    • Road patterns are crucial for city development. Improper design can lead to disconnected roads, increased travel distance, and car dependency.
    • Types of road patterns:
      • Rectangular: grid or block pattern. Easy to construct and maintain, good aesthetics, but less safe at intersections. Example: Makati City.
      • Radial: circular or elliptical network with roads emanating from the center like a star. Reduces congestion at roundabouts.
      • Star Block Pattern
      • Star Circular Pattern
      • Star Grid Pattern
      • Hexagonal: network of roads forming hexagonal figures. Minimal travel time and distance.
      • Minimum Travel Pattern: sector centers, suburban facilities, and neighborhood centers connected to the city center by highways for fastest travel.

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    Highway Development and Planning PDF

    Description

    Explore the evolution of road construction techniques from Thomas Telford's innovations to the introduction of macadam in the Philippines. This quiz covers key figures in road development and the impact of American influence on transportation infrastructure in the early 20th century. Test your knowledge of the history and methods that shaped modern highways.

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