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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a key difference between RNA and DNA?
Which of the following is a key difference between RNA and DNA?
Which type of RNA serves as a template for protein translation?
Which type of RNA serves as a template for protein translation?
What is the term for RNA that does not get translated into proteins?
What is the term for RNA that does not get translated into proteins?
Which type of RNA functions in the spliceosome to remove introns from pre-mRNA?
Which type of RNA functions in the spliceosome to remove introns from pre-mRNA?
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Which type of RNA is needed for the basic structure of the ribosome complex?
Which type of RNA is needed for the basic structure of the ribosome complex?
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What is the main chemical difference between RNA and DNA?
What is the main chemical difference between RNA and DNA?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of DNA?
Which of the following is a characteristic of DNA?
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What is the term for the RNA transcript that is initially produced from DNA?
What is the term for the RNA transcript that is initially produced from DNA?
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Which of the following RNA molecules is associated with proteins subunits to form the core of the spliceosome?
Which of the following RNA molecules is associated with proteins subunits to form the core of the spliceosome?
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Which of the following RNA molecules is involved in the catalysis of the peptide bond between amino acids?
Which of the following RNA molecules is involved in the catalysis of the peptide bond between amino acids?
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Which RNA molecule is responsible for carrying the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain in translation?
Which RNA molecule is responsible for carrying the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain in translation?
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Which region of the tRNA molecule pairs with the complementary codon in an mRNA molecule?
Which region of the tRNA molecule pairs with the complementary codon in an mRNA molecule?
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What is the function of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?
What is the function of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?
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Which RNA molecule regulates gene expression by blocking translation of specific mRNA and promoting its degradation?
Which RNA molecule regulates gene expression by blocking translation of specific mRNA and promoting its degradation?
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What is the main function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
What is the main function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
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Which hypothesis explains the redundancy of the genetic code and the ability of some tRNA molecules to base-pair with more than one codon?
Which hypothesis explains the redundancy of the genetic code and the ability of some tRNA molecules to base-pair with more than one codon?
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Which type of RNA can increase or decrease transcription and is involved in X-chromosome inactivation?
Which type of RNA can increase or decrease transcription and is involved in X-chromosome inactivation?
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Which RNA molecule is an adaptor between mRNA and amino acids in protein synthesis?
Which RNA molecule is an adaptor between mRNA and amino acids in protein synthesis?
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Which RNA molecule is responsible for direct degradation of specific mRNA to reduce gene expression?
Which RNA molecule is responsible for direct degradation of specific mRNA to reduce gene expression?
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Which RNA molecule codes for proteins?
Which RNA molecule codes for proteins?
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Study Notes
Key Differences Between RNA and DNA
- RNA contains ribose sugar while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, leading to different structural properties.
- RNA is usually single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix.
Templates for Protein Translation
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation.
Non-Translated RNA
- Non-coding RNA refers to RNA that does not get translated into proteins.
Spliceosome Functionality
- Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) functions within the spliceosome to remove introns from pre-mRNA.
Ribosome Structure
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is essential for the structural integrity of ribosomes.
Chemical Differences
- The main chemical difference between RNA and DNA is the presence of uracil (U) in RNA, replacing thymine (T) found in DNA.
Characteristics of DNA
- DNA is characterized by its stability, ability to replicate, and role in heredity.
Initial RNA Transcript
- The term for the RNA transcript produced from DNA is pre-mRNA.
Spliceosome Core Components
- snRNA is the type of RNA associated with protein subunits forming the core of the spliceosome.
Peptide Bond Catalysis
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during translation.
tRNA Function in Translation
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain, ensuring correct protein synthesis.
tRNA Anticodon
- The anticodon region of tRNA pairs with the complementary codon in an mRNA molecule during translation.
Function of snRNA
- Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) plays a role in splicing by facilitating the removal of introns from pre-mRNA.
Gene Expression Regulation
- MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates gene expression by inhibiting translation of specific mRNA and promoting its degradation.
Function of rRNA
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) primarily functions as a structural and catalytic component of the ribosome, essential for protein synthesis.
Genetic Code Redundancy
- The wobble hypothesis explains the redundancy of the genetic code and allows some tRNA molecules to base-pair with multiple codons.
Transcription Regulation and X-Chromosome Inactivation
- Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can increase or decrease transcription and is involved in processes like X-chromosome inactivation.
Adaptor RNA in Protein Synthesis
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) acts as an adaptor by linking mRNA codons with their corresponding amino acids during protein synthesis.
mRNA Degradation
- Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is responsible for direct degradation of specific mRNA, reducing gene expression effectively.
Protein Coding RNA
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) codes for proteins, serving as the link between DNA and the synthesis of proteins.
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Description
Test your knowledge on RNA and its differences from DNA with this quiz. See how well you understand the chemical composition and structure of RNA, including its sugar and base components.
