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Questions and Answers
What is the role of the F glycoprotein in paramyxoviruses?
What is the role of the F glycoprotein in paramyxoviruses?
Which protein is primarily responsible for the transcription and RNA replication in paramyxoviruses?
Which protein is primarily responsible for the transcription and RNA replication in paramyxoviruses?
How do paramyxoviruses attach to host cells?
How do paramyxoviruses attach to host cells?
What is the diameter range of the helical nucleocapsid formed by the nucleoprotein (NP)?
What is the diameter range of the helical nucleocapsid formed by the nucleoprotein (NP)?
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Which glycoprotein is specifically found in the measles virus?
Which glycoprotein is specifically found in the measles virus?
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What do the matrix (M) proteins in paramyxoviruses do?
What do the matrix (M) proteins in paramyxoviruses do?
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Which additional small envelope proteins are found in pneumoviruses?
Which additional small envelope proteins are found in pneumoviruses?
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During the viral replication process, what happens to the fusion glycoprotein of paramyxoviruses?
During the viral replication process, what happens to the fusion glycoprotein of paramyxoviruses?
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What is necessary for negative-sense RNA viruses to produce proteins within a host cell?
What is necessary for negative-sense RNA viruses to produce proteins within a host cell?
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Which component allows negative-sense RNA viruses to replicate their RNA?
Which component allows negative-sense RNA viruses to replicate their RNA?
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What characteristic distinguishes paramyxoviruses from influenza viruses?
What characteristic distinguishes paramyxoviruses from influenza viruses?
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Which structural feature do the spikes of paramyxoviruses possess?
Which structural feature do the spikes of paramyxoviruses possess?
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How does the genome structure of paramyxoviruses affect its infectivity?
How does the genome structure of paramyxoviruses affect its infectivity?
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In terms of host range, how do paramyxoviruses compare to influenza viruses?
In terms of host range, how do paramyxoviruses compare to influenza viruses?
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What is a typical number of structural proteins found in most paramyxoviruses?
What is a typical number of structural proteins found in most paramyxoviruses?
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What role do glycoproteins play on the surface of paramyxoviruses?
What role do glycoproteins play on the surface of paramyxoviruses?
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What type of RNA genome do paramyxoviruses possess?
What type of RNA genome do paramyxoviruses possess?
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How are mRNA transcripts generated in paramyxoviruses?
How are mRNA transcripts generated in paramyxoviruses?
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What is the function of the viral polymerase protein complex in paramyxoviruses?
What is the function of the viral polymerase protein complex in paramyxoviruses?
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What role does the F0 precursor protein play in paramyxovirus infections?
What role does the F0 precursor protein play in paramyxovirus infections?
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Where does the maturation of paramyxoviruses occur?
Where does the maturation of paramyxoviruses occur?
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What is the primary function of the M protein in paramyxoviruses?
What is the primary function of the M protein in paramyxoviruses?
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What is the role of glycoproteins in the paramyxovirus life cycle?
What is the role of glycoproteins in the paramyxovirus life cycle?
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What primarily prevents self-aggregation of paramyxovirus particles during budding?
What primarily prevents self-aggregation of paramyxovirus particles during budding?
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Study Notes
RNA Viruses: Paramyxoviridae and Rubella Virus
- RNA viruses are a large group, some enveloped, some unenveloped
- Paramyxoviruses and Rubella virus are specific examples
- Paramyxoviruses have a single-stranded, negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA genome
- Rubella virus has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome
- Both viruses have an outer envelope
- RNA viruses carry their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- Negative-stranded RNA viruses must convert their negative-sense RNA to positive-sense mRNA
- Two subcategories of negative-polarity RNA viruses exist: those with a single RNA piece, or those with multiple RNA pieces
- Paramyxoviruses contain 6 structural proteins in complex with viral RNA to form a nucleocapsid
- Paramyxoviruses have a helical nucleocapsid with an outer lipoprotein envelope with spikes (which include fusion protein, hemolysin activity, neuraminidase, etc.)
- Paramyxoviruses genomes are not infectious
- Measles virus, parainfluenza viruses, mumps virus etc are specific examples of paramyxoviruses
- Rubella virus has one type of antigen
- Both viruses are spread through the respiratory route
- Rubella can cause congenital disease (CRS) in the developing fetus, while Paramyxoviruses cause symptoms in an individual
Paramyxoviruses
- Contain a single, nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA molecule
- Contain 6 structural proteins (N/NP, P, L, M, F, HN/H/G)
- The F protein mediates cell-membrane fusion
- The HN/H/G protein plays role in host attachment
- Cause respiratory tract disease
- May cause complications like encephalitis, meningitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- The viral genome is not directly infectious
Rubella Virus
- Has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome
- Causes a mild infection in healthy individuals
- The primary concern is the potential for congenital birth defects (CRS) if a pregnant woman contracts the virus
- The virus can cross the placenta
- Causes congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
- Characterized by a rash and lymphadenopathy,
- Symptoms resolve within 3 days
- Symptoms include: Fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia
- Causes fetal complications, including deafness, heart defects, eye cataracts etc if a pregnant woman contracts it during the first trimester of pregnancy
Mumps Virus
- A paramyxovirus
- Characterized by swelling of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands.
- Can lead to complications, including pancreatitis, encephalitis, and orchitis (testicular swelling) in males (which may lead to sterility)
- Airborne transmission, with an incubation period of 14-21 days
- Recovery is usually complete with no long-term effects
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- A paramyxovirus
- Causes respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children
- Infections in infants can be severe, with possible pneumonia or bronchiolitis
- A common cause for acute respiratory infections and death in the first year of life
- Causes syncytia formación
- Spread via droplets and direct contact .
- Has a single serotype
- The virus replicates in the nasopharynx and local lymph nodes
Measles
- A paramyxovirus
- Highly contagious
- Characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a distinctive rash
- Symptoms include: fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory symptoms, koplik spots
- Spread respiratory droplets
- Leads to complications like encephalitis, pneumonia and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- Has a single serotype
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of RNA viruses, focusing on the Paramyxoviridae and Rubella virus. This quiz delves into their structures, genomic characteristics, and key features such as RNA-dependent polymerase. Test your knowledge on the complexities and classifications of these important pathogens.
