2M03 Chapter 11-2

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Which type of RNA represents the precursors of mRNAs?

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) (correct)

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs)

Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)

Where are heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) found?

Only in the cytoplasm

Both in the nucleus and cytoplasm

In the ribosomes

Only in the nucleus (correct)

What is a characteristic of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs)?

They have small molecular weights

They have large molecular weights (correct)

They are only present in prokaryotic cells

They are stable and not degraded

What happens to hnRNAs after a very short time?

They are degraded Signup and view all the answers

What kind of segment do most eukaryotic mRNAs have?

Both coding and noncoding segments Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to ribosomes when translated?

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) Signup and view all the answers

Which complex is responsible for the assembly of the preinitiation complex at the TATA box?

TFIID Signup and view all the answers

What causes a conformation change in DNA when it binds to the promoter?

TATA-binding protein (TBP) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase at the carboxylterminal domain (CTD)?

TFIIH Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of the split gene that contribute to the mature mRNA called?

Exons Signup and view all the answers

What is added during the processing of RNA transcripts as they are synthesized?

5’ methylguanosine cap and 3’ poly(A) tails Signup and view all the answers

What is removed during processing, and exons are connected by what process?

Intervening sequences, RNA splicing. Signup and view all the answers

What sequences are most commonly found at the boundary during RNA splicing?

g/GU at the 5’ end and AG/G at the 3’ end. Signup and view all the answers

What is thought to have evolved from self-splicing RNAs?

RNA splicing. Signup and view all the answers

What becomes associated with a hnRNP as each hnRNA is transcribed?

Pre-mRNA. Signup and view all the answers

What does removal of an intron require?

Several snRNP particles. Signup and view all the answers

What may be the catalytically active components of snRNPs?

snRNAs. Signup and view all the answers

What may catalyze the two chemical reactions required for RNA splicing?

Combined action of both RNA and a protein in the spliceosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) in the cell?

Serve as precursors of mRNAs Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in eukaryotic cells?

They are attached to ribosomes when translated Signup and view all the answers

What modification do most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo at their 5' and 3' ends?

Addition of a guanosine cap and a poly(A) tail Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the difference in size between heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) and mature mRNAs?

Split genes Signup and view all the answers

What assists RNA polymerase II in forming the preinitiation complex (PIC) during mRNA transcription?

General transcription factors (GTFs) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the promoter region critical for mRNA transcription?

It contains the TATA box located upstream from the initiation site Signup and view all the answers

What does RNA polymerase II require for the assembly of the preinitiation complex at the promoter region?

Assistance from general transcription factors (GTFs) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genes contain intervening sequences that are absent from mature mRNAs?

Eukaryotic genes Signup and view all the answers

What is typically found at the boundary during RNA splicing?

Consensus splice sites Signup and view all the answers

What is added to eukaryotic mRNAs at their 5' end?

Guanosine cap Signup and view all the answers

What are hnRNAs degraded after a very short time?

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of TFIIH in the process of transcription?

It acts as a protein kinase to phosphorylate RNA polymerase at the carboxylterminal domain (CTD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TBP in the assembly of the preinitiation complex (PIC)?

It causes a conformation change in DNA when it binds to the promoter Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for catalyzing the addition of 5’ methylguanosine cap and a 3’ poly(A) tail to pre-mRNA?

Ribonucleoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of snRNAs in the splicing machinery?

They are responsible for catalyzing the two chemical reactions required for RNA splicing Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of group II introns in relation to self-splicing?

They are discovered in various organisms and are examples of self-splicing introns Signup and view all the answers

What is required for removal of an intron during RNA splicing?

Several snRNP particles Signup and view all the answers

What is added during processing as pre-mRNA transcripts become associated with ribonucleoproteins?

5’ methylguanosine cap and a 3’ poly(A) tail Signup and view all the answers

What is thought to have evolved from self-splicing RNAs?

Group II introns Signup and view all the answers

What is removed during processing, and exons are connected by what process?

Introns; RNA splicing Signup and view all the answers

What modification do most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo at their 5' and 3' ends?

Addition of 5’ cap and 3’ poly(A) tail Signup and view all the answers

2M03 Chapter 11-2

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Questions and Answers

Which type of RNA represents the precursors of mRNAs?

Where are heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) found?

What is a characteristic of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs)?

What happens to hnRNAs after a very short time?

What kind of segment do most eukaryotic mRNAs have?

What is attached to ribosomes when translated?

Which complex is responsible for the assembly of the preinitiation complex at the TATA box?

What causes a conformation change in DNA when it binds to the promoter?

Which protein kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase at the carboxylterminal domain (CTD)?

What are the parts of the split gene that contribute to the mature mRNA called?

What is added during the processing of RNA transcripts as they are synthesized?

What is removed during processing, and exons are connected by what process?

What sequences are most commonly found at the boundary during RNA splicing?

What is thought to have evolved from self-splicing RNAs?

What becomes associated with a hnRNP as each hnRNA is transcribed?

What does removal of an intron require?

What may be the catalytically active components of snRNPs?

What may catalyze the two chemical reactions required for RNA splicing?

What is the function of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) in the cell?

What is a characteristic of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in eukaryotic cells?

What modification do most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo at their 5' and 3' ends?

What term describes the difference in size between heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) and mature mRNAs?

What assists RNA polymerase II in forming the preinitiation complex (PIC) during mRNA transcription?

What is a key feature of the promoter region critical for mRNA transcription?

What does RNA polymerase II require for the assembly of the preinitiation complex at the promoter region?

Which type of genes contain intervening sequences that are absent from mature mRNAs?

What is typically found at the boundary during RNA splicing?

What is added to eukaryotic mRNAs at their 5' end?

What are hnRNAs degraded after a very short time?

What is the function of TFIIH in the process of transcription?

What is the role of TBP in the assembly of the preinitiation complex (PIC)?

Which component is responsible for catalyzing the addition of 5’ methylguanosine cap and a 3’ poly(A) tail to pre-mRNA?

What is the role of snRNAs in the splicing machinery?

What is a characteristic of group II introns in relation to self-splicing?

What is required for removal of an intron during RNA splicing?

What is added during processing as pre-mRNA transcripts become associated with ribonucleoproteins?

What is thought to have evolved from self-splicing RNAs?

What is removed during processing, and exons are connected by what process?

What modification do most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo at their 5' and 3' ends?

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