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Questions and Answers
¿Cuál es la función principal de los microARN en la regulación de la expresión génica?
¿Cuál es la función principal de los microARN en la regulación de la expresión génica?
¿Cuál es la función del complejo de silenciamiento de RNA inducido (RISC) en la vía de interferencia de RNA?
¿Cuál es la función del complejo de silenciamiento de RNA inducido (RISC) en la vía de interferencia de RNA?
¿Qué caracteriza la regulación génica post-transcripcional?
¿Qué caracteriza la regulación génica post-transcripcional?
¿Cuál es la función de las proteínas unidas a RNA en la regulación de la expresión génica?
¿Cuál es la función de las proteínas unidas a RNA en la regulación de la expresión génica?
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¿Cuál es la función de siRNA en la regulación de la expresión génica?
¿Cuál es la función de siRNA en la regulación de la expresión génica?
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¿Cuál es el papel de la interferencia de RNA en la defensa contra infecciones virales?
¿Cuál es el papel de la interferencia de RNA en la defensa contra infecciones virales?
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Study Notes
RNA Regulation in Eukaryotes
MiRNA Regulation
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA
- miRNAs are typically 20-22 nucleotides in length and are derived from longer precursor molecules
- miRNAs inhibit translation by binding to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs, preventing translation or inducing degradation
- miRNAs can regulate multiple target genes, and a single target gene can be regulated by multiple miRNAs
SiRNA-mediated Gene Silencing
- Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are double-stranded RNAs that induce gene silencing by degrading target mRNAs
- siRNAs are typically 21-23 nucleotides in length and are derived from longer double-stranded RNA molecules
- siRNAs are processed by the enzyme Dicer to produce short, single-stranded RNAs that guide the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to target mRNAs
- siRNAs can be used as a tool for gene silencing in research and therapy
RNA Interference
- RNA interference (RNAi) is a process by which RNA molecules inhibit the expression of specific genes
- RNAi is mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and involves the degradation of target mRNAs
- RNAi can be triggered by the introduction of double-stranded RNA molecules into cells
- RNAi plays a role in defending against viral infections and in regulating gene expression
Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
- Post-transcriptional gene regulation refers to the regulation of gene expression after transcription has occurred
- This includes the regulation of mRNA stability, translation, and localization
- RNA-binding proteins, miRNAs, and siRNAs all play roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation
- Post-transcriptional gene regulation allows for rapid and flexible responses to changing cellular conditions
RNA-binding Proteins
- RNA-binding proteins are proteins that interact with RNA molecules to regulate gene expression
- RNA-binding proteins can bind to specific RNA sequences or structures to regulate mRNA stability, translation, and localization
- Examples of RNA-binding proteins include:
- HuR: stabilizes mRNA by binding to the 3' UTR
- PUM2: regulates mRNA translation by binding to the 3' UTR
- Staufen: regulates mRNA localization by binding to the 3' UTR
- RNA-binding proteins can also play roles in RNA processing and splicing
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Description
Learn about the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes, including miRNA regulation, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, RNA interference, post-transcriptional gene regulation, and RNA-binding proteins.
