RNA in Cell Signalling - Week 1

A type of RNA that forms the core of ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. rRNA interacts with mRNA during translation.

RNA molecules that transport specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, ensuring the correct order of amino acids in the growing protein chain.

Non-coding RNA molecules involved in various processes within the cell, including mRNA processing and splicing.

Non-coding RNA molecules involved in modifying other RNA molecules, primarily rRNA.

The largest class of small non-coding RNAs, playing a crucial role in silencing gene expression in germ cells.

Small interfering RNA molecules that silence genes by targeting specific mRNA sequences for degradation, playing a key role in defense against viruses and repetitive sequences.

Small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA sequences, leading to either mRNA degradation or translational repression.

RNA molecules that exist outside of cells, participating in cell-to-cell communication and various regulatory processes.

Small non-coding RNA molecules found specifically in Cajal bodies, nuclear structures involved in RNA polymerase II transcription and splicing.

Non-coding RNA molecules longer than 200 bases, involved in regulating gene expression.

The process of reducing gene expression, leading to a decrease in protein levels.

A technique that uses small RNA molecules (siRNA or shRNA) to silence gene expression by degrading specific mRNA transcripts.

A powerful gene editing technology that allows precise modifications to the genome by introducing nicks or fusions at specific locations.

A type of RNA interference (RNAi) that utilizes small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to stably knock down gene expression for extended periods.

A type of RNA interference (RNAi) that utilizes small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for transient gene knockdown, typically affecting gene expression for a shorter time.

A technique used to increase the production of a specific protein in cells, typically by introducing a gene that encodes the desired protein.

A viral vector used in gene delivery, known for its ability to express high levels of transgenes in both dividing and non-dividing cells.

A viral vector used in gene delivery, capable of integrating its genetic material into the host cell genome, leading to long-term expression of the transgene.

A viral vector derived from the vaccinia virus, a double-stranded DNA virus that replicates in the host cell's cytoplasm.

A circular DNA molecule often used in recombinant DNA technology to carry and express genes of interest.

A permanent gene deactivation technique that involves altering the target gene's DNA sequence to disrupt its function.

A gene knockout technique that utilizes homologous recombination, a process where DNA segments with similar sequences exchange.

A type of gene knockout technique that involves using enzymes like CRISPR/Cas9 to make precise cuts in the target gene's DNA sequence.

Analyzing gene expression patterns through methods like microarrays and RNA sequencing to understand cellular processes.

Techniques like RNA interference (RNAi) and knockout approaches are crucial for studying the roles of genes in signaling pathways.