RNA Chapter 13 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

RNA contains the sugar?

Ribose

Unlike DNA, RNA contains?

Uracil

Name three things found in both DNA and RNA.

Phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine

Which nucleotide indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?

<p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA is usually ------- stranded.

<p>single-stranded</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?

<p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis?

<p>Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

<p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during transcription?

<p>RNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is?

<p>Complementary to part of one strand of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the figure show?

<p>The genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?

<p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?

<p>Several different codons can specify the same amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Figure 13-3, which amino acid is specified by the mRNA code CCC?

<p>Pro</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Figure 13-3, which code specifies the same amino acid as UAU?

<p>UAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

A promoter is a?

<p>Binding site for RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during translation?

<p>The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?

<p>Spindle fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the?

<p>Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

A protein is being assembled when?

<p>RNA is being translated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genes contain instructions for assembling?

<p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?

<p>DNA to RNA to protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes what happens during gene expression?

<p>A cell reads the instructions in DNA and builds a protein based on these instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes?

<p>Transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three types of RNA are -------- RNA, ------- RNA, and ------- RNA.

<p>messenger, transfer, ribosomal</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA molecules ------ the nucleus; RNA molecules ----- the nucleus.

<p>stay; leave</p> Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, ------ strands of DNA serve as a template.

<p>both</p> Signup and view all the answers

A codon consists of --- nucleotides.

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anticodon AGA is complementary to the mRNA codon?

<p>UCU</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Figure 13-6, A, B, and C are three types of?

<p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

In RNA, -------- is the sugar in the nucleotide.

<p>ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

A eukaryotic gene consists of --------, a(an) --------, and the ------- that is transcribed.

<p>regulatory regions, promoter, nucleotide sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and assembles nucleotides into a strand that is complementary to the DNA template.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of amino acids in proteins.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The codon that signals the end of a growing polypeptide is called a stop codon.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tRNA bases called the anticodons are complementary to three consecutive nucleotides on an mRNA molecule.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two cellular processes, transcription and translation, are the main activities described in the central dogma of molecular biology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The codon AUG is a start codon representing the amino acid Methionine.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The codon UGG is a stop codon representing the amino acid Tryptophan.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

RNA Structure and Composition

  • RNA includes ribose as its sugar component.
  • Unlike DNA, RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
  • Both DNA and RNA share phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine.

RNA Nucleotides and Structure

  • RNA is typically single-stranded.
  • Uracil indicates a nucleic acid is RNA.
  • A codon consists of three nucleotides.

Types and Functions of RNA

  • mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from the nucleus to other cellular regions.
  • The three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are mRNA, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
  • mRNA is transcribed from DNA, producing RNA molecules.

Transcription and Translation Process

  • During transcription, an RNA molecule forms that is complementary to a segment of DNA.
  • Transcription occurs in the nucleus, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
  • In translation, the messenger RNA code directs protein synthesis.

Genetic Code and Amino Acids

  • There are 64 codons encoding for 20 amino acids, allowing for redundancy; multiple codons may specify the same amino acid.
  • For example, the mRNA codon CCC specifies the amino acid proline (Pro).

Gene Expression and Information Flow

  • The standard flow of genetic information is DNA → RNA → Protein.
  • Gene expression involves reading DNA instructions to build proteins.
  • A protein is assembled when RNA is translated.

Codons and Anticodons

  • Anticodons on tRNA are complementary to mRNA codons; for instance, the anticodon AGA pairs with the mRNA codon UCU.
  • Start and stop codons regulate the translation process: AUG indicates the start (Methionine), while stop codons terminate the polypeptide chain.

RNA Characteristics in Eukaryotic Cells

  • Eukaryotic genes consist of regulatory regions, a promoter, and the transcribed nucleotide sequence.
  • RNA molecules can leave the nucleus, while DNA remains contained within it.

Key Facts about Transcription and Translation

  • RNA polymerase binds to DNA during transcription, creating a complementary RNA strand.
  • The order of nitrogen bases in DNA dictates the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

True/False Statements

  • RNA polymerase assembles nucleotides during transcription: True.
  • The sequence of bases in DNA determines amino acid order: True.
  • A stop codon signifies the end of polypeptide synthesis: True.
  • Anticodons on tRNA are complementary to mRNA nucleotides: True.
  • Transcription and translation are the two main processes of the central dogma: True.
  • AUG is a start codon for Methionine: True.
  • UGG is a stop codon that represents Tryptophan: False.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of RNA as outlined in Chapter 13. This quiz covers fundamental aspects including the structure and components of RNA, comparing it with DNA, and specific characteristics. Perfect for revising your understanding of nucleic acids.

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