ATI3 Module Sem A

Questions and Answers

What are the criteria for definition of an autoimmune disease?

The criteria for definition of an autoimmune disease includes the presence of antibodies or T cells as site of disease, the need for distinctive antibosy or Tcells, and symptoms that improve when the immune response is lowered.

What is the difference between central and peripheral tolerance?

Central tolerance deals with the negative and positive selection of mature lymphocytes while peripheral tolerance deals with immature lymphocytes.

Describe the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of beta cells which produce insulin and the presence of antibodies including IAA, ICA,IA1 and GAD antibodies. In this disease B and T cells infiltrate the pancrease.

Study Notes

Autoimmunity is a disease in which the immune system is reactive against its own antigens.
Central tolerance deals with the negative and positive selection of mature lymphocytes while peripheral tolerance deals with immature lymphocytes.
Centra tolerance in B lymphocytes occurs.
Regulatory T cells are CD4+ t cells with the FOX P3 gene. They can inhibit the T cell immune response by release anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-35 when bound to a self-antigen.
Criteria for definition of an autoimmune disease includes the presence of antibodies or T cells as site of disease, the need for distinctive antibosy or Tcells, and symptoms that improve when the immune response is lowered.
If antibody is injected into someone else, the disease must occur.
Grave’s disease is an autoimmune disease and is caused by hyperthyroidism and the presence of antibodies including TSI. Treatment is using betablockers, propythiouracil or carbimazole.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of beta cells which produce insulin and the presence of antibodies including IAA, ICA,IA1 and GAD antibodies. In this disease B and T cells infiltrate the pancrease.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factors and anti-CCP antibodies. CRP levels are monitored to indicate inflammation. Inflammation of cytokines, neutrophils, t cells and self reactive B cells that produce CCP is seen.