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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'enculturation' refer to?
Which approach emphasizes the context of culture, including location and time period?
What does the ethnocentric approach suggest about cultures?
Which sociological theory assumes a stable and orderly society?
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Which term describes the acceptance of cultural differences among societies?
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What is a key characteristic of the relativistic approach to culture?
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Which theory highlights the constant power struggle among social groups and institutions?
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What aspect is primarily studied in social anthropology?
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Which branch of anthropology primarily studies cultural variation across different societies?
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What do linguistic anthropologists primarily examine in their studies?
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Which anthropologist is known for emphasizing the need to understand each culture in its own context?
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What does Biological Anthropology primarily study?
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What key aspect does social anthropology focus on?
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Which of the following sociological theorists sought to explain the bases of social order and change?
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Linguistic anthropology is best defined as the study of _____?
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What is the main focus of archaeology within the field of anthropology?
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What concept describes a group of individuals sharing a common culture, geographical location, and government?
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Which philosopher is known for evaluating the interplay between economics, politics, and law?
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What term refers to the dynamics of conflict, resolution, and cooperation in social contexts?
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Which of the following thinkers is NOT associated with Political Science?
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Who is credited with the idea of social solidarity as a characteristic of society?
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Which discipline compares domestic politics and governance systems across different sovereign states?
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In sociological theories, what principle emphasizes the shared identity and culture within a society?
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What primarily denotes the implications of law in the dynamics of society?
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Study Notes
Contributors of Political Science
- John Locke explores the relationship between justice and societal processes.
- Herbert Spencer investigates dynamics involving conflict, resolution, and cooperation.
- Emile Durkheim examines the influence of economics, politics, and law on societal institutions.
- Max Weber evaluates governmental functions and policy-making processes.
- Aristotle and Plato contribute foundational concepts in political theory.
- Jean Jacques Rousseau discusses social contracts and the role of government.
Society and Sociological Concepts
- Society is a collective of individuals sharing common culture and geographical location.
- Social solidarity is a key feature, promoting shared identity and culture.
- Socialization is the process through which individuals acquire cultural values and norms.
- Enculturation involves learning about one's own culture and societal customs.
Cultural Context and Approaches
- Relativistic approach emphasizes that culture must be understood within specific contextual circumstances.
- Ethnocentric approach views one’s own culture as superior to others.
- Xenocentrism favors foreign cultures over one’s own, sometimes viewing them as superior.
- Cultural relativism advocates for the acceptance of cultural differences and diversity.
Theoretical Frameworks
- Structural functionalism posits that society is stable and well-ordered, focusing on social structures and their functions.
- Key theorists include Auguste Comte and Karl Marx, examining social order, change, and power dynamics.
Anthropology and Cultural Studies
- Cultural anthropology studies cultural variations, emphasizing context.
- Linguistic anthropology analyzes language and its role in shaping societal aspects.
- Biological or physical anthropology assesses human evolution and social behaviors.
- Archaeology investigates prehistoric societies through their tools and environmental context.
Sociology
- Emphasizes the examination of individual and group behaviors as defining societal features.
- Studies the interplay between economic, political, and social factors influencing society.
- Contributors include influential thinkers such as Edward Burnett Tylor, Margaret Mead, and Franz Boas.
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