Rizal's Travels and Relationships Quiz

Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines

• Miguel López de Legazpi founded the city of Manila in 1571 under Spanish rule.
• The Viceroy of Mexico ruled the Philippines indirectly as the representative of the Spanish King.
• The Governor General was the chief executive in the whole archipelago, head of state and church, and commander in chief of the military.

Government Structure

• Alkalde Mayor headed the provincial government, with limited power in the province.
• Gobernadorcillo headed the town or pueblo, with limited power in the town.
• Cabeza de Barangay headed the barrio government.

Requirements for Filipino Officials

• Must be 23 years old and above.
• Must be educated.
• Must own at least 500 pesos worth of property/money.

Supremacy of the Spanish Friars

• The religious orders had a huge contribution in the colonization process.
• Friars could control the society and the Governor General.
• Regular priests controlled the different parishes and had dominion over the Secular priests (Filipino priests).

Abuses of the Spanish Government Officials

• Governor Generals were weak and undisciplined due to excessive power and privileges.
• They punished those who weren't happy with their administration.
• They gave too much favors to their friends and family.

Admiral José Malcampo

• Ruled the Philippines from 1874-1877 and 1897-1898.
• Implemented the creation of the Guardia Civil, intended for the protection of civilians from bandits, pirates, and ordinary criminals.

The Secularization Movement

• Pioneered by Fr. Pedro Pelaez.
• Aimed to give opportunities for secular Filipino priests to occupy parishes.
• Parishes were traditionally awarded to missionaries, the regular Spanish friars.

Rizal's Life and Travels

• Founded the republic in Spain, which created issues that would take the Philippines back to the old ways.
• Rizal used his cousin's passport, Jose Mercado, to travel abroad.
• Visited the Jesuits in Ateneo and bade farewell to the Valenzuela family.
• Failed to say goodbye to Leonor.
• Stayed at Hotel de Paz and transferred to the French steamer Djemnah bound for Europe.

The Voyage

• Rizal boarded the Salvadora on May 3, 1882.
• Reached Singapore on May 8, 1882.
• Reached Point de Galle, Ceylon on May 15, 1882.
• Reached Colombo, Ceylon on May 18, 1882.
• Crossed the Indian Ocean towards Cape Guardafui in Somalia, Africa.
• Reached Aden, a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea.
• Reached the Suez Canal, the terminal of the Red Sea on June 2, 1882.

Rizal's Life in Madrid

• Established himself in Madrid and wrote articles for the Diariong Tagalog.
• Wrote essays entitled "Amor Patrio" and "Los Viajes".
• Last article "Revista de Madrid" was not published due to the newspaper's cessation.

Sad News from Home

• An epidemic broke out in the Philippines, killing many lives.
• Cholera had killed many Filipinos.
• Leonor was depressed due to Rizal's departure.

Rizal in Germany

• Left Paris due to the high cost of living and proceeded to Germany.
• Stayed in a boarding house in Heidelberg.
• Transferred to the house of Pastor Karl Ullmer, a Lutheran minister.
• Had discussions about the merits of religion.
• Wrote a poem "To the Flowers of Heidelberg" as an admiration to the scenic beauty of the countryside.

Rizal's Honors

• Heidelberg built a museum in Rizal's honor with a life-size statue of Rizal.
• Rizal worked as an assistant ophthalmologist in the clinic of Dr. Javier Galezowski.
• Took lessons in medicine at the University under the instruction of Dr. Otto Becker.