Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who founded the city of Manila under Spain in 1571?
Who founded the city of Manila under Spain in 1571?
What role did the Viceroy of Mexico play in the Philippines?
What role did the Viceroy of Mexico play in the Philippines?
Which government official had power over different parishes and Secular priests?
Which government official had power over different parishes and Secular priests?
During the Spanish Colonial period, who could hold the positions of Gobernadorcillo and Cabeza de Barangay?
During the Spanish Colonial period, who could hold the positions of Gobernadorcillo and Cabeza de Barangay?
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Which branch of the Spanish government was considered the most corrupt during the late 19th century?
Which branch of the Spanish government was considered the most corrupt during the late 19th century?
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What was a common abuse by the Governor Generals of the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial period?
What was a common abuse by the Governor Generals of the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial period?
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Who pioneered the Secularization of the Parishes movement?
Who pioneered the Secularization of the Parishes movement?
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What was the Guardia Civil originally intended for?
What was the Guardia Civil originally intended for?
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During which period were parishes traditionally awarded to missionaries?
During which period were parishes traditionally awarded to missionaries?
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Who took over after Fr. Pedro Pelaez's untimely death?
Who took over after Fr. Pedro Pelaez's untimely death?
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What event led to a reversal of fortune in the Philippines according to the text?
What event led to a reversal of fortune in the Philippines according to the text?
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Why were natives not given opportunities to take care of parishes during the colonial period?
Why were natives not given opportunities to take care of parishes during the colonial period?
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Who gave Rizal 700 pesos and promised a monthly allowance of 35 pesos?
Who gave Rizal 700 pesos and promised a monthly allowance of 35 pesos?
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Where did Rizal stay before transferring to the French steamer Djemnah?
Where did Rizal stay before transferring to the French steamer Djemnah?
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Who was the person who saw Rizal off before he boarded the Salvadora?
Who was the person who saw Rizal off before he boarded the Salvadora?
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Where was the first stop of the steamer after departing from Manila?
Where was the first stop of the steamer after departing from Manila?
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Which city did Rizal observe to be sleepy and without much progress?
Which city did Rizal observe to be sleepy and without much progress?
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Where did the steamer reach after crossing the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea?
Where did the steamer reach after crossing the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea?
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What was Rizal's pen name when he wrote the essay 'Amor Patrio' for the Diariong Tagalog?
What was Rizal's pen name when he wrote the essay 'Amor Patrio' for the Diariong Tagalog?
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What caused the delay in publishing Rizal's last article 'Revista de Madrid'?
What caused the delay in publishing Rizal's last article 'Revista de Madrid'?
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Who founded the newspaper Diariong Tagalog where Rizal contributed articles?
Who founded the newspaper Diariong Tagalog where Rizal contributed articles?
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What advice did Paciano give to Rizal when he was very much depressed?
What advice did Paciano give to Rizal when he was very much depressed?
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What city did Rizal leave to establish himself in Madrid?
What city did Rizal leave to establish himself in Madrid?
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What caused the deaths of many Filipinos according to the text?
What caused the deaths of many Filipinos according to the text?
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Where did Louis de Wecker visit the studio of Juan Luna?
Where did Louis de Wecker visit the studio of Juan Luna?
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Why did Rizal leave Paris for Germany?
Why did Rizal leave Paris for Germany?
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Where did Rizal stay in Heidelberg initially?
Where did Rizal stay in Heidelberg initially?
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What is the title of Rizal's poem dedicated to the flowers of Heidelberg?
What is the title of Rizal's poem dedicated to the flowers of Heidelberg?
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What was Rizal's role in Heidelberg besides studying medicine?
What was Rizal's role in Heidelberg besides studying medicine?
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Who did Rizal write a letter to on July 31, 1886, from Heidelberg?
Who did Rizal write a letter to on July 31, 1886, from Heidelberg?
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Study Notes
Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines
- Miguel López de Legazpi founded the city of Manila in 1571 under Spanish rule.
- The Viceroy of Mexico ruled the Philippines indirectly as the representative of the Spanish King.
- The Governor General was the chief executive in the whole archipelago, head of state and church, and commander in chief of the military.
Government Structure
- Alkalde Mayor headed the provincial government, with limited power in the province.
- Gobernadorcillo headed the town or pueblo, with limited power in the town.
- Cabeza de Barangay headed the barrio government.
Requirements for Filipino Officials
- Must be 23 years old and above.
- Must be educated.
- Must own at least 500 pesos worth of property/money.
Supremacy of the Spanish Friars
- The religious orders had a huge contribution in the colonization process.
- Friars could control the society and the Governor General.
- Regular priests controlled the different parishes and had dominion over the Secular priests (Filipino priests).
Abuses of the Spanish Government Officials
- Governor Generals were weak and undisciplined due to excessive power and privileges.
- They punished those who weren't happy with their administration.
- They gave too much favors to their friends and family.
Admiral José Malcampo
- Ruled the Philippines from 1874-1877 and 1897-1898.
- Implemented the creation of the Guardia Civil, intended for the protection of civilians from bandits, pirates, and ordinary criminals.
The Secularization Movement
- Pioneered by Fr. Pedro Pelaez.
- Aimed to give opportunities for secular Filipino priests to occupy parishes.
- Parishes were traditionally awarded to missionaries, the regular Spanish friars.
Rizal's Life and Travels
- Founded the republic in Spain, which created issues that would take the Philippines back to the old ways.
- Rizal used his cousin's passport, Jose Mercado, to travel abroad.
- Visited the Jesuits in Ateneo and bade farewell to the Valenzuela family.
- Failed to say goodbye to Leonor.
- Stayed at Hotel de Paz and transferred to the French steamer Djemnah bound for Europe.
The Voyage
- Rizal boarded the Salvadora on May 3, 1882.
- Reached Singapore on May 8, 1882.
- Reached Point de Galle, Ceylon on May 15, 1882.
- Reached Colombo, Ceylon on May 18, 1882.
- Crossed the Indian Ocean towards Cape Guardafui in Somalia, Africa.
- Reached Aden, a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea.
- Reached the Suez Canal, the terminal of the Red Sea on June 2, 1882.
Rizal's Life in Madrid
- Established himself in Madrid and wrote articles for the Diariong Tagalog.
- Wrote essays entitled "Amor Patrio" and "Los Viajes".
- Last article "Revista de Madrid" was not published due to the newspaper's cessation.
Sad News from Home
- An epidemic broke out in the Philippines, killing many lives.
- Cholera had killed many Filipinos.
- Leonor was depressed due to Rizal's departure.
Rizal in Germany
- Left Paris due to the high cost of living and proceeded to Germany.
- Stayed in a boarding house in Heidelberg.
- Transferred to the house of Pastor Karl Ullmer, a Lutheran minister.
- Had discussions about the merits of religion.
- Wrote a poem "To the Flowers of Heidelberg" as an admiration to the scenic beauty of the countryside.
Rizal's Honors
- Heidelberg built a museum in Rizal's honor with a life-size statue of Rizal.
- Rizal worked as an assistant ophthalmologist in the clinic of Dr. Javier Galezowski.
- Took lessons in medicine at the University under the instruction of Dr. Otto Becker.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Jose Rizal's relationships and travels. Explore the people who supported him financially and emotionally, as well as the important individuals he interacted with during his journeys.
