Jose Rizal's Private Tutors: Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz Quiz and Flashcards

Study Notes

Jose Rizal lived in the 19th century, a period of significant changes in Philippine history and public consciousness.
Rizal's biography reflects the influence of historical events on his life and ideas.

Rizal's father, Francisco Mercado, was a wealthy farmer who leased lands from the Dominican friars.
Francisco's ancestors were Siang-co and Zun-nid, who later gave birth to Lam-co, a Chinese migrant who arrived in the Philippines in the late 1600s.
Lam-co was baptized in 1697 and adopted the name "Domingo".
Domingo married Ines de la Rosa from a known entrepreneurial family in Binondo.

Rizal studied at Ateneo from 1872-1877, where he consistently showed excellence in his academic performance.
He was divided into the Roman group, composed of students boarding at Ateneo.
Despite initially lagging behind his classmates, Rizal became the "emperor" of his class in just a month due to his perseverance and seriousness in studies.
He graduated with a degree in Bachiller en Artes with the highest honors on March 14, 1877.
After finishing Bachiller en Artes, Rizal was sent by Don Francisco to the University of Santo Tomas.
He attended the course Philosophy and Letters during his freshman year (1877-1878) at UST.

Rizal's mother, Dona Teodora, noticed his skills in poetry and asked him to write verses.
He experienced education under private tutors, including Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Leon Monroy, who honed his skills in basic Latin, reading, and writing.
Rizal's skills in poetry were developed during his childhood.

At the age of nine, Rizal left Calamba with his brother to study in Binan.
He stayed with his aunt and was introduced to the teacher, Justiniano Aquino Cruz, who was also Paciano's former teacher.
Rizal excelled in Latin and Spanish during his studies in Binan.
He followed a strict daily routine, which included waking up early, attending mass, studying, and praying with his cousins.