Rizal's Last Homecoming, Trial, and Execution

• The lesson covers Jose Rizal's journey from his last homecoming to his trial and execution in Bagumbayan.
• The learning objectives include identifying accusations leading to Rizal's trial, analyzing the effects of his execution, discussing the alleged retraction letter, and using technology for learning and research.

From Dapitan to Trial in Fort Santiago

• Rizal left Dapitan for Manila on July 31, 1896, aboard the streamer España.
• The ship made stopovers in Dumaguete, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Romblon before reaching Manila.

In Manila

• The Katipuneros planned to help Rizal escape as the steamer approached Luzon.
• Rizal arrived in Manila on August 6, 1896, and had to wait for the next steamer to Spain.
• He requested isolation due to concerns about his one-month stay on the ship.
• The government moved him to the cruiser Castilla in Cavite.
• The Katipunan's revolt was discovered on August 19, 1896, through Teodoro Patiño's confession.
• Ramon Blanco issued letters of recommendation for Rizal and cleared him of involvement in the revolution on August 30, 1896.
• Rizal was transferred to the ship Isla de Panay on September 2.

Going to Spain

• The Isla de Panay left Manila for Barcelona, and Rizal arrived in Singapore on September 7.
• Filipinos urged Rizal to stay in Singapore, but he refused, trusting Blanco's words.
• Blanco and other ministers planned Rizal's arrest upon reaching Barcelona through telegrams.
• Passengers on the Isla de Panay learned about the worsening situation in the Philippines during a stopover in Port Said, Egypt on September 27, as thousands of Spanish soldiers were being sent to Manila.
• Rizal was seen as associated with the revolution, and his co-passengers became distant.
• The Isla de Panay reached Barcelona on October 3, 1896, with Rizal as a prisoner.
• General Eulogio Despujol, the former governor-general, placed him under heavy guard.
• Despujol told Rizal he would be shipped back to Manila that evening.
• He was taken aboard the ship "Colon," which left for Manila at 8 p.m.
• Spanish soldiers and their families were ordered not to interact with Rizal.
• Rizal was allowed to walk on deck but was locked up and handcuffed before reaching port.

Last Homecoming

• Rizal arrived in Manila as a prisoner on November 3, 1896, and was detained in Fort Santiago.
• Friends, acquaintances, and family members were tortured and questioned to gather evidence.
• Rizal underwent interrogations led by Colonel Francisco Olive.
• Those who testified against Rizal were not allowed to cross-examined by the defense.
• Rizal admitted knowing some of those questioned but denied knowing Andres Bonifacio or Apolinario Mabini.
• Fifteen pieces of documentary evidence were presented like letters, poems and transcripts of speeches.
• Testimonial evidence was given by 13 Filipinos, including Ambrosio Salvador, Deodato Arellano, and Pio Valenzuela.
• Rafael Dominguez was assigned as special Judge Advocate, summarized the case, and submitted it to Blanco.
• Don Nicolas de la Peña recommended Rizal be brought to trial immediately and kept in jail, his property be seized, and a Spanish army officer defend him.
• On December 8, Rizal chose Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, the brother of his former bodyguard, as his lawyer.
• Formal charges were read on December 11, accusing him of being the main organizer of the revolution.
• Rizal pleaded not guilty, explaining that La Liga was a civic organization.
• Camilo de Polavieja replaced Blanco as governor-general on December 13, and Rizal's case papers were sent to Malacañang.
• Rizal wrote a manifesto on December 15 appealing to revolutionaries to stop the uprising, but De la Peña interpreted it as advocating rebellion.
• Polavieja disallowed the issuing of Rizal's manifesto.

The Rat in the Kangaroo Court

• On December 26, Rizal was tried in a military court with Lt. Col. Jose Togores as president.
• Dominguez presented the case, followed by Enrique de Alcocer's request for a death sentence.
• Andrade defended Rizal, arguing his desire for liberty was natural, and that La Liga was distinct from Katipunan.
• Rizal argued he advised against the revolt, his name was used without his knowledge, he could have escaped, and La Liga did not serve the uprising.
• The defense was disregarded, and the jury unanimously voted for the death sentence.
• Polavieja signed the decision on December 28, ordering the execution by firing squad at 7 a.m. on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan (Luneta).
• Rizal signed his death sentence.

Rizal's Last Hours (Dec 29, 1896)

• 6:00 - 7:00 a.m. - Sr. S. Mataix interviews Rizal; Capt. Dominguez reads the death sentence.
• 7:00-8:00 a.m. - Rizal is transferred to his death cell; Fr. Saderra and Fr. Viza visit.
• 8:00 - 9:00 a.m. – Rizal shares milk and coffee with Fr. Rosell and Lt. Andrade; Rizal does not invite his family.
• 9:00 - 10:00 a.m. - Sr. Mataix interviews Rizal with Gov. Luengo.
• 10:00-11:00 a.m. - Fr. Faura tries to reconcile Rizal and Josephine; heated discussion on religion occurs.
• 11:00-12:00 noon - Rizal speaks on "various topics” with Fr. Vilaclara, who concludes Rizal is either to Protestant or a rationalist.
• 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. – Rizal reads the Bible; Fr. Balaguer reports Rizal might retract.
• 1:00-2:00p.m. – Rizal attends to his necessities.
• 2:00 - 3:00 p.m. - Rizal confers with Fr. March and Fr. Vilaclara.
• 3:00 - 4:00 p.m. - Rizal reads verses from Eggers German Reader.
• 4:00 - 5:30 p.m. - Capt. Dominguez is moved; Rizal bids farewell to his family.
• 5:30-6:00p.m. - The Dean of the Cathedral visits Rizal.
• 6:00-7:00p.m. - Fr. Rosell sees Josephine Bracken; Rizal calls for Josephine.
• 7:00 – 8:00 p.m. - Fr. Faura returns to console Rizal; Rizal confesses to Fr. Faura.
• 8:00 - 9:00 p.m. – Rizal receives Bro. Titllot
• 9:00 - 10:00 p.m. - Fiscal Castano meets with Rizal
• 10:00-11:00 p.m. - Rizal asks for paper and a pen to write poem before hiding it.
• 11:00-12:00 midnight. - Rizal writes his last letter to Bro. Paciano.
• 12:00 4:00 a.m. - Rizal sleeps calmly.

Dec. 30, 1896

• 4:00 – 5:00 a.m. - Rizal picks up Imitation of Christ and writes in Kempis' book a dedication to his wife Josephine.
• 5:00-6:15 a.m. - Rizal writes a letter to his parents and reads the Bible.
• 6:15 – 7:00 a.m. - Rizal walks to the place of execution with Fr. March and Fr. Vilaclara.
• 7:00 – 7:03 a.m. - Rizal is shot and dies at Bagumbayan at 7:03 a.m. He was 35 years, 6 months, and 11 days old.
• Rizal’s last word: "It is finished."
• Rizal was buried in a secret grave in Paco Cemetery.
• In 1935, the authenticity of Rizal's retraction letter was questioned.

Summary

• Rizal's death impacted Philippine history, marking the birth of reforms and societal transformation.
• He was charged with subversion and accused of forming a threatening organization.
• The trial was a hoax, and he was presented with irrefutable evidence.
• Instead of a civilian lawyer, Luis Taviel de Andrade represented him.
• Rizal defended himself, stating he did not question the court's jurisdiction but clarified his political involvement during exile.
• The court sentenced him to death despite his pleadings.
• Rizal spent his last 24 hours visited by family, wrote to Ferdinand Blumentritt and walked from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan Square, where he was executed.
• Riza's last words were: "Consummatum Est"-It is finished.