Rizal's First Travel Abroad (1882-1887)

First Travel Abroad (1882-1887)

• Jose Rizal decided to go to Spain after finishing his medical course at the University of Santo Tomas
• The reasons were to finish his medical specialization and fulfill a "secret mission" in preparation for fighting for the Philippines
• The travel was kept secret from the Spanish government and friars due to potential detection and suspicion
• He used the name Jose Mercado during the trip and was assisted by his uncle, Antonio Rivera

Philippines to Singapore (May 3-11, 1882)

• He boarded the ship Salvadora, heading to Singapore
• Donato Lecha described Jose as a refined man
• He arrived in Singapore on May 9, 1882, and stayed in Hotel de la Paz
• He departed Singapore on May 11, 1882, aboard the ship Djemnah

Singapore to Ceylon (May 11-17, 1882)

• Djemnah arrived at Point Galle, a seaport town in southern Ceylon
• Point Galle was described as a picturesque but lonely town
• He traveled to Colombo to gain references for French language learning
• Colombo appeared as a more elegant town compared to Manila

Ceylon to Italy (May 17 - June 11, 1882)

• Rizal was amused by seeing camels for the first time in Aden
• He traveled through the Suez Canal, transitioning from Asia to Europe, and docked in Port Said
• He arrived in Naples, Italy, which he considered panoramically beautiful

Italy to France (June 11 - June 12, 1882)

• Djemnah docked in Marseilles' port

France to Spain

• Visited Chateau D’if
• Traveled from France to Spain
• On May 5, 1882, he departed Marseilles by train for Barcelona
• Arrived in Barcelona on June 16, 1882, initially finding the city unfavorable

Barcelone Experiences

• He wrote articles for the Diariong Tagalog using the pen name Laong Laan, namely Amor Patria and Los Viajes
• He learned Manila was suffering from a cholera outbreak, reported by his brother Paciano
• He became dispirited due to a letter from Leonor Rivera
• He departed Barcelona for Madrid in the fall of 1882

Experiences in Madrid

• Jose pursued and completed his medical course, fulfilling his father's wish
• Lottery was his only vice in Madrid
• He spent his free time reading and attending reunions of illustrados
• He practiced shooting and fencing at a communal gymnasium
• Became associated with the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a fraternal group of illustrados in Madrid
• He recited the poem, Mi Piden Versus, at a gathering on New Year's Eve of 1882
• He saved money to buy books like Uncle Tom's Cabin by Beecher Stowe and The Wandering Jew by Eugene Sue

First Visit to Paris (1883)

• He visited Paris during summer vacation from Madrid
• Paris was considered the "costliest city in the world"
• He visited Laennec Hospital and observed Dr. Nicaise treating patients
• Deeply affected on how the government observed and recognized Masons, unlike in the Philippines
• Joined the Acacia masonic lodge, eventually becoming a master mason in 1890
• He joined the masonic lodge to gain support against the Spanish

Return to Madrid

• Calamba was infested with pests, hacienderos had increased taxes, and parasites killed poultry

The Return of Rizal in Madrid

• Broke and unable to afford breakfast on June 24, 1884
• Attended class and won a gold medal in a Greek language contest
• Filipinos were honored at a banquet on June 25, 1884, for Luna's Spoliarium (1st place) and Hidalgo's Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho (2nd place)
• A bloody riot broke out in Madrid on November 20–22, 1884, by students of Universidad Central
• He wrote a detailed letter describing the riot on November 26, 1884
• On June 21, 1884, he earned the Licentiate in Medicine
• On June 19, 1885, he finished his Philosophy and Letters with sobresaliente (outstanding)
• Because he knew he would not be accepted into the University of Santo Tomas, he was unhappy about earning his Doctor license

France to Germany (1885 - 1887)

• Traveled to Paris to study ophthalmology after graduating in Madrid
• He met Maximo Viola, who later became his best friend in Europe
• For four months, Rizal remained in Paris and worked as an assistant ophthalmologist for Dr. Louis de Weckert
• Met Juan Luna and his girlfriend, Paz Pardo de Tavera
• Posed as an Egyptian and a sandugo depicting the Sikatuna-Legazpi pact in Luna's painting The Death of Cleopatra
• He Learned to read the solfeggio and play the piano and flute
• He wrote Alin mang Lahi, a patriotic song
• Arrived in Heidelberg on February 3, 1886, where he was considered an excellent chess player
• He also worked for Dr. Otto Becker, an ophthalmologist

Germany

• He admired the flowers growing in Heidelberg and dedicated his poem, A Flores de Heidelberg
• Karl Ullmer, a Protestant Pastor, became a friend and hosted Jose
• On July 31, 1886, he wrote his first German letter to Professor Blumentritt, director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz in Austria
• On August 9, 1886, he left Heidelberg, arriving in Leipzig on August 16, 1886
• He befriended historians Friedrich Ratzel and Hans Meyer
• He translated German and Swiss literary works, sending them to the Philippines, also translating fairy tales in Tagalog for the historians' nephew
• He became a proofreader for a German publishing firm
• Met Dr. Feodor Jagor, one of the authors he admired
• He was accepted as a member of the Anthropological Society, Ethnological Society, and Geographical Society of Berlin
• He published Tagalische Verkunst, an article on the Tagalog language written in German praised by the German community
• Stayed in Berlin to deepen his knowledge of ophthalmology, observe Germany, and publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere
• He learned French language and culture from Madame Lucie Cerdole, a professor
• He enjoyed spending time on Unter den Linden, a well-known street in Berlin
• He described the German women as diligent, serious, educated, friendly, and not gossipy or quarrelsome in a letter to Trinidad

The Creation of Noli Me Tangere

• Jose was broke in the winter of 1886 and had to pawn the diamond ring his sister Saturnina had given him
• Hunger, sickness, and the creation of Noli Me Tangere made this time memorable
• Uncle Tom's Cabin served as a literary basis
• In January 1884, wanted the novel to be a group project among patriotic Filipinos, but he did it himself
• He finalized revisions in Berlin in February 1886
• He wrote half the novel in Paris, one-fourth in Madrid, and the remaining portion in Germany
• Maximo Viola helped with funding due to being broke, and 2,000 copies were printed for 300 pesos
• Jose gave Maximo one of the original copies with gratitude
• The title Noli me Tangere was from a Bible verse (John 20:13-17) rather than his own creation
• Dedicated the novel to the Philippines

The Travels of Rizal and Viola

• The two traveled from Berlin by express train on May 11, 1887
• They traveled to several European cities:
  • Dresden (Germany)
  • Teschen (Czechoslovakia)
  • Leitmeritz (Bohemia)
  • Vienna (Austria)
  • Munich (Germany)
  • Nuremberg (Germany)
  • Geneva (Switzerland)
• They parted on June 23, 1887; Jose traveled to Italy while Maximo returned to Spain
• Arrived in Rome on June 27, 1887, and named it "The City of Caesar"
• He prepared to return to the Philippines after a week

First Homecoming

• Paciano advised him not to return home because of the controversy brought on by the novel
• Determined to return home to treat his mother's eyes, he boarded the Djemnah for the second time on July 3, 1887
• Arrived in Saigon, Vietnam, on July 30, 1887, and switched to the ship Haiphong, which was headed for Manila
• He departed for Manila on August 2, 1887

Return to the Phillipines

• He viewed the sea and sky illuminated by moonlight as preparation for his conflict with the Spanish
• Arrived in Manila on August 5, 1887
• Upon arriving, he treated young Filipinos and shared European traditions
• Despite it all, he was unable to meet Leonor Rivera

Second Travel Abroad (1888 - 1892)

• He postponed his travel to Europe in September 1887 following the death of his sister, Olympia, from internal bleeding
• His family decided that Rizal would remain in the Philippines, despite the persecution they had experienced after Noli Me Tangere
• On December 29, 1887, the Church banned Noli Me Tangere
• On February 3, 1888, Jose left Manila for Hong Kong with 5,000 pesos earned from his medical practice

Jose in Hongkong (February 3, 1888 – February 22, 1888)

• On board the ship Kui Kiang along with Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda, and some Portuguese
• Went to the botanical garden while staying in the house of Juan Lecaroz
• He left Hong Kong for Japan on board the Oceanic after nearly two weeks

Jose in Japan (February 28, 1888 - April 13, 1888)

• He stayed at the Hotel Grande and visited Yokohama and Tokyo
• He then encountered Juan Perez Caballero, a Spanish ambassador
• He met O-Sei-San, his tour guide, translator, and lover, and also learned judo and kabuki.

Rizal in United States of America (April 13, 1888 - May 13, 1888)

• He was saddened to leave O-Sei-San

• He arrived in the United States on the ship Belgic on April 28, 1888

• America was marred with racial bias

• Initially quarantined because of a cholera outbreak, later found to be politically motivated

• Released and lodged in the Palace Hotel in San Francisco

• Traveled to Oakland by ferry ship, and then to Reno, the "biggest little city"

• He documented the Nevada's scenic beauty in his diary

• He arrived in New York on May 13, 1888, and called it the "Big Town"

Rizal in England

• He arrived in England in May 1888 to to improve his English
• He also wanted to study Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Felipinas and because England was the safest place against the Spanish
• He entertained guests aboard the ship City of Rome by performing yo-yo tricks
• He stayed in Adelphi Hotel upon arrival in Liverpool
• He became a boarder with the Becket family in London on May 25, 1888, and Gertrude Beckett fell in love with him
• Reinhold Rost, a Ministry of Affairs librarian, called him the "Pearl of Man"
• Revolts broke out in various areas of the nation while he was in England
• He was condemned in Spanish newspapers by Spanish Cortes senators Salamanca, Vida, Retana, and Feced
• His family and friends in the Philippines were persecuted, but the good news was that Noli Me Tangere was defended by prominent people like Vicente Garcia

Rizal’s Annotation of Morga’s Book

• This was considered one of Jose Rizal's greatest achievements in England

• It examined Spanish colonization of Asia from a first-hand perspective, as well as how the colonization affected the world

• It both condemned and lauded the ways the Spanish colonized different regions

• Filipinos were able to better comprehend the motives of the Spanish

A Short Visit in Paris and Spain

• To get references in Bibliotheque Nationale, he went to Paris
• He traveled to Spain and encountered propaganda leaders Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce

Return in London

• Jose celebrated Christmas day alone in London

• Blumentritt and Carlos Czepelak gifted Jose busts of Emperors Augustus and Julius Caesar

• His landlady gifted him a book on magic

• Fellow Filipinos in Europe recognized Rizal's leadership potential, electing him honorary president of the Asosacion La Solidaridad

• La Solidaridad, a patriotic newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona, Spain on February 18, 1889

  • Intention to advocate for political and social reform peacefully
  • Illustrate the conditions in the Philippines, hoping Spain would provide solutions
  • Fight the evil forces at work in the Philippines
  • Advocate for advancement and open-mindedness
  • Prioritize both the wellbeing and satisfaction of Filipinos

• Jose wrote that the newspaper would address the plight of Filipino farmers through his first article

Writings Of Rizal In London

• La Vision del Fray Rodriguez was the title of Jose's piece, in which he wrote about his new knowledge of religion and made satirical remarks

• The Spanish deemed Fray Rodriguez to be just as ruthless as the Noli Me Tangere

• He used the pen name Dimas Alang then

• He left London to pursue his mission on March 19, 1889 due to flirting with Rizal and Beckett

Jose’s Return in Paris

• He was disappointed because landlord were taking advantage of the the festivities.
• He dedicated the majority of his time to Bibliotheque Nationale where he continued learning different languages.
• He also continued his fencing lessons with Juan Luna
• He wrote different writings during his stay
• The Philippine within a Century addresses the glory of the Filipino race and how the Spanish destroyed it.
• The Indolence of the Filipino discusses the reasoning behind the lack of enthusiasm of Filipinos .

Works in Brussels

• This is where Jose Rizal started writing his second most famous novel, El Filibusterismo. (September 18, 1891)
• He was accompanied by Jose Alberto and later by Jose Alejandro.
• He spent most of his time writing the novel and writing articles for the newspaper.
• Rizal adapted every articles written in German and translated it in Spanish and Tagalog.
• He also condemned Filipinos in Madrid addicted to gambling.
• One night, he dreamed he was not able to reach the age of 30.
• He joked about it, calling himself Laong Laan. (always ready)
• In spite of the advices and danger, he was decided to return to Philippines again.

Second Homecoming (1892)

• He decided to return to Philippines because was persecuted and tortured by the Spanish government.
• Before returning, he went to Madrid spending alone in the winter carrying all his problems.
• He experienced downside moments in Madrid thinking the injustices of his family in Calamba.

Second Trip to Philippines

• He publicly challenged Wenceslao Retana in a duel and his blood being payment for his insolence
• Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera, in December 1890
• Rizal spent years in Madrid before his homecoming
• Rizal arrived with Lucia in Manila together on June 26, 1892
• The guardia civil were ready and waiting to greet him upon arrival
• The spies of the government followed Rizal as he went to visit his sister
• Rizal attended a gathering of Chinese Mestizos in Tondo, Manila for the purpose of establishing La Liga Filipina.

Languages Learned by Jose Rizal

• Hebrew
• Filipino
• Ilokano
• Bisayan
• Subanon
• Chinese
• Latin
• Spanish
• Greek
• English
• French
• Catalan
• German
• Arabic
• Malay
• Sanskrit
• Dutch
• Nihonggo
• Portuguese
• Chavacano
• Swedish
• Russian

Second Arrival in the Philippines

• Jose Rizal arrived with his sister Lucia together on June 26, 1892 Before departing Europe, he told the Filipinos there: The fight is in the Philippines, not in Madrid. There we should meet, help each other, cry and triumph for the sakr our country.

His objectives for returning to the Philippines:

• Borneo Colonization Project
• Establish a Civic Organization
• Stop his family and fellowman's persecution

He met guardia civit upon Arrival and asked to stay in Hotel de Orierte

• He asked Governor-General Eulogio Despujol for a meeting in the afternoon -Desouniol changed his decision and wantef to know if he would return to Hong Kong on July 6 1892

When Oespujol found Pobres Frailes, he began to look for the brochure Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) was was written by Father Jacinta and discussed about the vast Dominican friars richness because it was against their monastic vow

• There were suspicions regarding the brochures Accidentally Lucia broguht from Jose Maria Basa's Hong Kong housd It was planted in his bag by spanish guards Because this happened, Despujol decided to imprison Rizal at Fuerza de Santiago before being to Dapitan.

La Liga Filipina

• The filipino mestizas make a group to to fight the Spanish at Doroteo Ongjunco's house, La Liga Filipina wanted to have a civil rights body who want Spain to do reforms Objectives of La Liga Filipina

To join together all Filipinos under one group-

• Poor Filipinos want help financially so they create conomic aide- Want to take away Persecition
• Want to improve eduction, agriculture, and trade system- To research and implement social reforms
• To be united the the motto will be Unus Pro Omnis

The Arrest of Rizal

• July 7th, 1892, Rizal will have an arrest at the meeting by Despujol

• He was imprisoned at Fort Santiago until July 4th of 1892

• Rizal was taken with very high-security on June 15 1892 to Sambonga in Cebu

• He was arrested becuase of Despujols declaration

• He was caught with books which oppose spain and the governemnt

• Also brochures agaisnt the church

• El Filibustersrno dedicate to Gomburaza

• The purpose of the stories he wrote was to tell FIlipinos to leave the Catholic Chu

Exile to Dapitan

• On board a ship to Cebu with 2 military personal a sergean and spinal soliders heading to Mindanao guard
• Captain DdIgras command
• Upon arrival, Delgas was passed onto captain Ricardo Crcinero

And for Rizal to stay in a Convent he need to meet :

• To make an allegation to the spanish government
• Need to tell every detail of life to the church
• To act or speak like a spanish
• Stayed under Carcinero because he rejcted all

Life in Dapitan (1892 – 1896)

• Ricarco welcmoed Rizal at the house as captain and not pirson
• They were friends and Rizal reported all gooe things about him
• a poems given at Agust 26, 1892 A Don Ricardoc Carcinero They won a lorttery 2 months with 9736 ticket for carinero, and Fancisco Rizal shared 6 k peos with his father and Maria Basa
• To built a home Land un Talisai- Rizal does a lot of poems or sculping Heres the Poems
• A Lady in Dapitan
• Bust of Saint Peter
• Bust of Father Guerrico
• Bust of Josephine Bracken\Hymn" to Talisay
• My Retreat
• To Josephine
• The song traveller

Life in Dapitan

• Rizal then went into a famosu surgeon and clinics

• August 1893, rizal opoerted his sister maria and mother the eyes Rizal worked with Father Franco to make the water systen Engenirr camenron presrrve the park 1892 t0 1896 rizal was doing school and valued edcuaion

• Biology also for animals and oragnisms

• Draco rizali – lizard

• Apogonia rizali – coconut beetle

• Rhacaphorus rizali - frog Teodora alonso wanted Rizal to have Mi retrno poem On ocrver 22, 18,15 poem the life of Rixal at Dapitan a client Ramon Carreon

Invented 2 to make 6.000 bricks per day

August 28 th, 1893 . leononrivers died and arrival of of bracien

• Bracien was last wife and riazl fel love when he was operatng the eues of step father They were marriaed by own way casue RIazl was masonic wmemner not agreed bu thr church they were marriaed happilt with their way casue bracsins wmeberm

They were marry accordions to them. Their kid died hours afetr by their death

The Katipunan

• When they explosed Razl to 2,
• Cuespo compromios
• Katiounn Katupunan more a proment one

A honorary president of the secret society

• Send a visit valzunuels bonicfrscio for help RIzal said no because there was many reason

• The Filipnios were not ready to fhygt

• Lack weapon and

• He needed to learm tactic by spanish arny to stuty

• need time for the filpinss r get weapons

Rizals last Travel- July8 31 , 1896

• Josephin and nephews ordered by blanc
• August, 6 th,1896 ship left for spinal
• August , 28 th , 188. Katipnan disover
• August 23. ,18816 left ship panai for spore

Did not join revelotuon

• september, 30 got implirisned in montjuvic novermbe 3, to mania by Sp coln.

The trial with him started november 29, 1896

Based on

• Oral arguments
• Documetn evidence

Here other on trial too

• Moises salavador
• Deadato arrella
• Ambrocio salvador
• o pi vALenzuelai The spanish core sugerstesed
• Was sugested tgo present immediatltl
• he shuold stay put
• 1 millons mexico pesons
• Decmever. 8 , 1896
• Luis de andreda Treason/sedition Decemnber

Jose headred by

• Joses togors ajona, Sanago. Zquirdo , brandi rodregiuz
• Munos Aitas
• , Manual Diaz Eserbaos Ferez Rodriguez
• Enriuez Alocer- Josephone back in trial / zosd sisblisbs Decneding he jry not to judge a rther just December squad on decmeverd 301986

Heres rizaks list

Imprisrned agan at fort sanigo

• Presitr said take back bad spain
• Theodra alnso only oermit vsiit

Gv his novel and last ultimo to her and wif Bacalwer to oermit

Bracien to get book Christo His death in the wfe Gv letter to padres walked bagbyan 7.03 was firec Bullet his perliv

The esson to get rizal

Value d edcus Love Nations Sacifi Trutbhh