Rizal's Education in Europe

Education in Europe

• On May 3, 1882, Rizal departed for Spain.
• On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
• In June 1884, at the age of 23, Rizal earned a degree as Licentiate in Medicine.
• The Doctor's diploma wasn't awarded due to failure to pay the fee and the required thesis.
• On his 24th birthday, Madrid University awarded Rizal the degree of licentiate in Philosophy and Letters, with the grade "excellent".
• Rizal traveled to Madrid on the steamship "Djemnah."
• He made multiple stopovers on his way to Madrid and first disembarked and saw the town of Singapore.
• On September 16, 1882, Rizal met and befriended Consuelo Ortiga Y Rey, the daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, a Spanish Liberal and former Mayor of Manila.
• On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters at the Unibersidad de Madrid.
• On February 13, 1883, Rizal mentioned his meeting with some Filipinos to Paciano.
• In June 1884, Rizal attended a dinner party for two award-winning Filipino painters: Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
• Rizal gave a daring liberal speech, referred to as Rizal's Brindis Speech, which was very controversial.
• The speech was so controversial that it caused his mother worry and sickness.
• Involved in student demonstrations at the Central University in November 1884.
• Protest rallies began after Dr. Miguel Morayta was excommunicated by bishops for delivering a liberal speech.
• The protests proclaimed for the freedom of science and teachers.

Consuelo Ortiga Y Rey

• Consuelo was given Guimaras cloth by JR.
• Rizal kept a record of his visits to Consuelo following an incident in the University district.
• Eduardo de Lete contributed to Rizal losing affection for Consuelo.
• Lete seriously liked Consuelo, and Rizal had consideration for their friendship.
• Maximino and Antonio Paterno frequently visited Consuelo.
• JR immortalized his admiration for Consuelo in the poem "A La Senorita C.O.y R."
• The poem is deemed one of JR's best works.
• In June of 1884, Rizal obtained the degree of Licentiate in Medicine (23 y/o)
• The rating earned was just "fair" due to lower grades from UST.
• The next school year, 1884-1885, 3 additional subjects were completed leading to the Doctor of Medicine degree.
• He was not awarded the Doctor's diploma due to failing to pay the fees and produce the required thesis.
• Madrid University awarded Rizal the degree of Licentiate In Philosophy and Letters on his 24th birthday, June 19, 1885.
• He earned the grade of excellent.
• From November 1885 to February 1886, Rizal traveled to Paris because he wanted to cure his mother's blindness.
• Rizal went to Paris.
• Rizal attended medical lectures at the University of Paris.
• He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert, a leading French Ophthalmologist.
• On February 3, 1886, Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, Germany.
• Rizal attended lectures by Dr. Otto Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne at the University of Heidelberg.
• He worked at the University Eye Hospital under Dr. Becker, a renowned German Ophthalmologist.
• Rizal learned to use the newly invented ophthalmoscope.
• Hermann von Helmoholtz invented the Ophthalmoscope.
• Here he Heidelberg he completed his specialization (25 y/o)
• Rizal spent 3 months in Wilhemsfeld, a town close by.
• There he wrote the conclusion of Noli me Tangere.
• He resided at the home of Dr. Karl Ullmer, a Protestant clergyman, whose family grew close to him.
• Ferdinand Blumentritt's correspondence with Jose resulted in a lifelong friendship.
• Rizal corresponded with Blumentritt in German and also sent a bilingual book titled "Aritmiteca."
• Blumentritt had interest to study Jose's native language.
• In August 1886, he attended lectures on history and psychology at the University of Leipzig.
• After arriving in Dresden, Rizal encountered Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, the Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.
• A Filipinologist showed Rizal some interesting things taken from Philippines tombs.
• In November 1886, Rizal further enhanced his skills and knowledge in ophthalmology after reaching Berlin.
• He worked as an assistant in Dr. Schweigger's clinic in what was called a famous city.
• He attended lectures at the University of Berlin.
• Rizal was inducted into Berlin's Ethnological, Anthropological, and Geographical Societies.
• In April 1887, he was invited to deliver a German address before the "Ethonographic Society" of Berlin, discussing the orthography and structure of the Tagalog language.
• Rizal met famous academicians and scholars in Germany.
• Among them were Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, Dr. hanz Meyer, Dr. Feodor Jagor, Dr. Rudolf Virchow, and Dr. Hans Virchow.
• Jagor authored of Travels in the Philippines.
• Virchow was a descriptive anatomy professor.

Grand Europe Tour

• Maximo Viola provided a loan to support printing of Noli.
• Rizal later paid Viola with Paciano's remittance.
• He further explored places in Europe before traveling back to the Philippines.
• Viola and Rizal visited POSTDAM, a city southwest of Berlin, which later became the historical location of the Postdam Conference in 1945.
• Powerful nations deliberated the Post- World War II administration of Germany in a meeting.
• On May 11, 1887, the men left Berlin for Dresden to witness the regional floral exposition.
• Wanting to visit Ferdinand Blumentritt, they traveled to Leitmeritz, Bohemia through Teschen.
• Blumentritt welcomed them in Leimeritz railroad station and acted as the men's tour guide.
• He introduced them to his family and famous European scientist, Dr. Carlos Czepelak, and Prof. Robert Klutschak.
• Leaving Leitmeritz for Prague on May 16, they visited Copernicus' tomb, a famous astronomer.
• The men traveled to Vienna and met Norfenfals, the famed Austrian novelist.
• Rizal was interviewed by Mr. Adler, who was a correspondent with the newspaper "Extra Blatt."
• Rizal had a 15-day stay in Geneva, where he learned about the exhibition of some Igorots in Madrid, with some animals and plants.
• The primitive Igorots were wearing bahag, were ridiculed, and laughed at.
• One of the Igorots, a woman died due to pneumonia.

First Homecoming

• On July 3, 1887, Rizal boarded the steamer "Djemnah" from a French port in Marseilles.
• Arrived in Saigon on July 30, and took the steamer "Haiphong”.
• Reached Manila near midnight on August 5 and returned to Calamba on August 8.
• Rizal began to be called "German doctor" or "Doctor Uliman" for restoring his mother's eyesight.
• He earned a lot of money because people from different places came to him for a better vision.

Second Travel Abroad

• On February 3, 1888, Rizal sailed to Hong Kong on the ship "Zafiro.'
• He visited Macao for two days with Jose Maria Basa.
• During Chinese New Year, there were noisy firecrackers and a Marathonn lauriat party was held.
• The party was characterized by many dishes being served.
• On February 28, 1888, he arrived in Yokohama, Japan.
• February 29, 1888 he would proceed to Tokyo.
• Rizal lived in the Spanish legation in Tokyo at the invitation of secretary Juan Perez Caballero.
• In March 1888, Rizal was astonished to discover that some members of a Tokyo band were Filipino and playing European music.
• Seiko Usui "O-Sei-San" was a 23-year-old Japanese woman who passed by the legation every day.
• She became Rizal's tour guide and sweetheart.
• It is suggested Rizal would have married her and settled if he had not have a political mission in the Philippines.
• On April 13, 1888, Rizal boarded the "Belgic.”
• Rizal befriended Tetcho Suehiro, a Japanese novelist, and a human rights activist who was forced to leave his country.
• On April 28, 1888, the ship arrived in San Francisco, where the passengers were quarantined for a week because of a cholera outbreak in the Far East.
• On May 6, 1888, Rizal arrived in Oakland via train.
• On May 13, 1888, he finally reached New York.
• At Bedloe Island, Rizal observed the Statue of Liberty, which symbolizes freedom and democracy.
• He noticed racial inequality and concluded freedom can only exist for whites.
• On May 16, 1888, Rizal sailed for Liverpool on board the ship "City of Rome."
• Rizal arrived in Liverpool on May 24, 1888.
• He reached London on May 25, 1888, and stayed briefly at Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor's house.
• He boarded at the Beckett residence and was affectionately served by Gertrude Backett, his landlord's daughter.

Gertrude Beckett

• She assisted JR with mixing paint and preparing clay for sculpting, hoping for a romantic relationship to form.
• Daughter to JR landlord Charles Beckett, and the oldest of three Beckett sisters.
• "This English girl fell in love with JR."
• Her name was Gettie and Pettie.
• Their relationship was just a one-sided love affair, as JR never reciprocated her love.
• Rizal befriended Dr. Reinhold Rost and his family in June 1888.
• Dr. Rost was an expert in Malayan language.
• He had a good Filipiniana library and described the national hero as "aperal of a man" (Una perla de hombre).
• Rizal manually copied and annotated Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in London, a rare book from the British Museum.
• He became the honorary president of the Asociasion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association).
• He wrote articles for La Solidaridad.

Propaganda Movement

• Propagandawas a patriotic socio-political organization and was founded in 1872 by Filipinos who had settled in Europe.
• It was considered cultural and literary as well.
• Members were mainly Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 as well as Filipino students.
• The group had a principal publication named La Solidaridad.
• The organization primarily aimed to bring to Spain's attention the issues in the Philippines
• The Propagandists advocated for the recognition of the Philippines, secularization of the churches, equality of Filipinos and Spaniards, creation of government funded schools that were not run by friars, abolition of forced labor and freedom of speech
• The Propaganda Movement was marked as assimilationist because it involved ethnic heritage being absorbed into the dominant culture.
• Rizal Advocated for the the Philippines to be treated as a provence of Spain.
• In March 1889, Rizal left London for good and went to Paris, residing briefly with Valentin Ventura.
• He moved to a small room with two Filipino roommates and also spent time with his annotation of the Sucesos.
• He also spent time in the houses of his friends, like Juan Luna and wife Paz Pardo de Tavera.

France

• Rizal witnessed the Universal Exposition of Paris
• It featured the Eiffel Tower.
• He brought together Filipinos who witnessed the exposition and formed Kidlat, a temporary social club.
• After organizing the Indios Bravos, the members were considered admirable.
• Rizal formed a mysterious group called Redencion de los Malayos to gain knowledge.
• On January 28, 1890, Rizal went from Paris to Brussels and lived in a boarding house run by the Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie).
• Rizal had a brief relationship in Belgium with Suzanne “Petite,” the niece of his landladies.
• Rizal began writing his second novel "Fili" and using the pen names Dimas Alang and Laong Laan.
• The Calamba agrarian issue grew worse.
• Despite the Paciano's advice to bring the case to Madrid, he wanted to return home.
• RIzal heeded the advice and looked for a lawyer and influential people to defend local tenants.
• In August 1890, Rizal traveled to Madrid with his lawyer, Marcelo H. Del Pilar so he could seek justice for his family
• He couldn't find any influential Spaniards to help.
• In Madrid, Rizal met Edilberto Evangelista, a Filipino student to study engineering in Belgium and was offered European Compay positions but declined to serve his country.
• While in Madrid, Rizal ran into many challenges and struggles.
• After learning that his family was being forced off their property in Calamba and that some relatives had even been deported far away, he challenged Antonio Luna to a duel.
• Rizal also dared to duel Wenceslao Retana,but was fortunately aborted.
• Luna later became Rizal's good friend and Retana became Rizal's first non-Filipino biographer. He heard Leonor was marrying Henry.
• Del Pilar-Rizal rivalry emerged but he left because more seroius actions were rising
• Biarritz
• February 1891 - Rizal in biarrity where he met Nellie

Biarritz, Paris, Brussels

• After arriving in Biarritz, in February 1891, Rizal was welcomed as a guest of the Boustead Family.
• Rizal had a serious but failed romantic relationship.
• It Nelly demanded that he give up his Catholic faith. he had to convert and Nelly's mother was against Rizal.
• His novel el fili was done march 29 th
• Valentin Ventura hosted Rizal during his brief stay in Paris.
• April 1891 - Suzanne "petite" Jacobes cordially welcomed his arrival in Brussels..Rizal revised and prepared for printing his 2nd novel until the end of May.
• In June 1891, he was already looking for a printing firm to print the El Filibusterismo
• July 1891 - Rizal went to Ghent where it was cheaper and he lived in a low cost house with Jose. alejandro the u Ghent Student
• F. Meyer-Van Loo Press - publisher that agreed to print El Filibiusterismo on an installment basis. but the ran out of funds
• august 6 the el filibus was supended
• September 8, then a gift of Valentin Ventura
• week after left
• In October of 1891 Rizal left to europe on boat melbourne and he begun the unfinished 3rd novel. In November the 20yh 1891 he arrived at hong kong. he resides where the fiare had proseuted. Soon afterwards his moms and kids arrived at christmas.
• He opened a medical clinic
• Lorenzo P Helped bring clients as lusitanian nationality
• His moms eye had successfully been reading
• March 1892 went to sandukan East Malaysia to board meneron negotiate with british authorityies
• march 21, he asked Eulogio to allow the filipino landles etc the tenants from clamba to settle by April he backin hk june 21 Rizal lett

Second Homecomming

• june 1892 in HK

• To avoid Despujoj

• The conusl said the at is in atap

• june 26

• Nooon He got there

• July 3 he had more interviews but was rejected

• He helped at civica assoation

• Meeting with 30 people and andres boniifaciop elections July 6

• arrested leaflet

• -Rizos was in exile political deprottee, and captain would hande over to Spanish commant that marked the momentz hes been looking foward tok