Rizal's Conflict with the Dominicans

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Questions and Answers

What was José Rizal's emotional response upon receiving bad news about his family?

Frustration

Anger

Patience (correct)

Joy

What does the term 'caballero' refer to in the context provided?

A small tract of land (correct)

A Spanish conqueror

A ruling elite class

A large estate for agriculture

How did the conflict over the Hacienda de Calamba impact José Rizal?

It greatly affected him emotionally (correct)

It caused him to leave the Philippines

It made him a scholar

It led to his imprisonment

Which group is identified as the ruling elite class in the context?

Principales Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary use of the haciendas mentioned in the context?

Raising livestock and agricultural production Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'inquilino' based on the content?

A tenant who subleases land Signup and view all the answers

When were the land grants that originated the friars' estates awarded?

Sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sitio de ganado mayor' imply?

A large tract of land included in a land grant Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason the Spanish hacenderos failed to develop their lands?

The market for livestock products was limited. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to refer to smaller tracts of land measuring 42.5 hectares?

Caballerias Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage of the provinces in Bulacan, Tondo, Cavite, and Laguna was constituted by religious estates by the nineteenth century?

40 percent Signup and view all the answers

What common belief persisted among Filipinos regarding the religious orders' land titles?

They acquired lands through usurpation. Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the Spanish population in the Philippines during the colonial period?

They were transient. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect contributed significantly to economic activity over hacienda development during the colonial period?

The Galleon Trade Signup and view all the answers

What did the Spanish hacenderos typically lack in relation to their agricultural practices?

Interest in local goods Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to large tracts of land measuring 1,742 hectares?

Ganado mayor Signup and view all the answers

What action did the Dominicans take against tenants who did not pay rent in 1891?

They evicted the tenants. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main complaint made by the tenants regarding their rents?

Rents were increasing significantly. Signup and view all the answers

What did Paciano Rizal write about in 1883 regarding the friars?

Their collection of rents without receipts. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major result of the tenants submitting a report to the government?

Their grievances were formally addressed. Signup and view all the answers

How did the personal experiences of Rizal affect his writing?

They inspired him to write El Filibusterismo. Signup and view all the answers

What was the top tier of the three-tiered system described?

The landowners Signup and view all the answers

What condition did Don Manuel Jauregui set when he donated land to the Jesuits?

He would be allowed to live in the Jesuit monastery. Signup and view all the answers

Which entity purchased the Hacienda de Azansa in 1883?

The Dominicans Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary crop planted in the hacienda as mentioned?

Sugar Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did most tenants face regarding the friars?

High rental prices Signup and view all the answers

Who was one of the principal inquilinos in the hacienda?

Rizal's ancestors Signup and view all the answers

How large was the Hacienda de Azansa when purchased by the Dominicans?

16,424 hectares Signup and view all the answers

What economic opportunity prompted families to migrate to the hacienda?

Agricultural jobs Signup and view all the answers

What role did the religious orders play in the acquisition of land during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

They acquired land through donations and various means. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary expectation of inquilinos in the hacienda system?

They had to pay an annual rent and provide personal services to landlords. Signup and view all the answers

What could happen to an inquilino who failed to meet the requirements set by their landlords?

They could face expulsion from the land. Signup and view all the answers

How did the inquilino system impact social structure within the haciendas?

It made haciendas sites of contestation among various parties. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the economic changes occurring by the mid-eighteenth century?

An expanding economy based on exporting agricultural crops. Signup and view all the answers

What were tenants required to do in relation to the land they worked on?

Pay a fixed amount of harvest or money as annual rent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the canonical amount in the context of the inquilino system?

The fixed annual rent paid by inquilinos. Signup and view all the answers

What option did an inquilino have if they failed to fulfill their requirements?

To sub-lease their land to a kasama or sharecropper. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Jose Rizal and the Hacienda de Calamba

Jose Rizal was in Hong Kong in 1891 when he learned about his family's legal troubles regarding Hacienda de Calamba.
His mother, Dona Teodora, and sisters Josefa and Trinidad faced summoning by Spanish authorities for investigation.

Key Vocabulary

Conquistador: Spanish conquerors from the 16th century.
Caballero: A small land tract in land grants.
Hacienda: Large estates dedicated to agriculture and livestock.
Inquilino: Tenants renting land from friars and leasing it to sharecroppers.
Principales: The ruling elite class in Filipino society.
Canon: A measurement equivalent to 75 liters.

Historical Context of Friar Estates in the Philippines

Friar estates originated from land grants to early Spanish conquistadores during the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
The grants often included vast lands, such as sitio de ganado mayor (1,742 hectares) and caballerias (42.5 hectares).
Three primary reasons led to the underdevelopment of these lands by Spanish hacenderos: transient Spanish population, small market for livestock, and higher rewards from Galleon Trade.

The agricultural economy evolved, leading to the inquilino system by the mid-18th century.
This system consisted of landlords at the top, inquilinos in the middle, and sharecroppers (kasama) at the bottom.
Inquilinos rented land and were liable to provide personal services to landlords while paying fixed rents based on harvest or cash.

Conflict over Hacienda de Calamba

In 1759, lands of Hacienda de Calamba were initially owned by Spanish laymen and later taken over by religious orders, specifically the Jesuits and Dominicans.
Rizal's family, as principal inquilinos, faced numerous grievances including increased rents and inefficient irrigation from the Friars.
By the late 19th century, tensions rose when the Dominicans demanded reports from tenants regarding unpaid rents, further complicating the situation.

Rizal's Family and Increased Tensions

Rizal's family experienced eviction threats due to unpaid rents, leading to community petitions for grievances.
A petition authored by Rizal included complaints about escalating rents and requested the resolution of tenant issues.
The response from the friars included retaliations, leading to further expulsions of tenants who resisted payment.

Impact on Jose Rizal

The events surrounding Hacienda de Calamba and the strife experienced by his family deeply affected Rizal.
His family's suffering during this conflict was a significant influence on his second novel, El Filibusterismo, reflecting themes of social injustices and resistance against oppression.

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Description

This quiz delves into the historical conflicts faced by Rizal, particularly his family’s struggles with the Dominicans over land grants. Explore the vocabulary and key terms related to this significant aspect of Spanish colonial history. Test your knowledge on these terms and their implications in Rizal's life.