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Questions and Answers
What was José Rizal's emotional response upon receiving bad news about his family?
What was José Rizal's emotional response upon receiving bad news about his family?
What does the term 'caballero' refer to in the context provided?
What does the term 'caballero' refer to in the context provided?
How did the conflict over the Hacienda de Calamba impact José Rizal?
How did the conflict over the Hacienda de Calamba impact José Rizal?
Which group is identified as the ruling elite class in the context?
Which group is identified as the ruling elite class in the context?
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What was the primary use of the haciendas mentioned in the context?
What was the primary use of the haciendas mentioned in the context?
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What is the definition of 'inquilino' based on the content?
What is the definition of 'inquilino' based on the content?
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When were the land grants that originated the friars' estates awarded?
When were the land grants that originated the friars' estates awarded?
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What does the term 'sitio de ganado mayor' imply?
What does the term 'sitio de ganado mayor' imply?
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What was the primary reason the Spanish hacenderos failed to develop their lands?
What was the primary reason the Spanish hacenderos failed to develop their lands?
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What term is used to refer to smaller tracts of land measuring 42.5 hectares?
What term is used to refer to smaller tracts of land measuring 42.5 hectares?
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Which percentage of the provinces in Bulacan, Tondo, Cavite, and Laguna was constituted by religious estates by the nineteenth century?
Which percentage of the provinces in Bulacan, Tondo, Cavite, and Laguna was constituted by religious estates by the nineteenth century?
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What common belief persisted among Filipinos regarding the religious orders' land titles?
What common belief persisted among Filipinos regarding the religious orders' land titles?
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What was a characteristic of the Spanish population in the Philippines during the colonial period?
What was a characteristic of the Spanish population in the Philippines during the colonial period?
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Which aspect contributed significantly to economic activity over hacienda development during the colonial period?
Which aspect contributed significantly to economic activity over hacienda development during the colonial period?
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What did the Spanish hacenderos typically lack in relation to their agricultural practices?
What did the Spanish hacenderos typically lack in relation to their agricultural practices?
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What term refers to large tracts of land measuring 1,742 hectares?
What term refers to large tracts of land measuring 1,742 hectares?
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What action did the Dominicans take against tenants who did not pay rent in 1891?
What action did the Dominicans take against tenants who did not pay rent in 1891?
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What was the main complaint made by the tenants regarding their rents?
What was the main complaint made by the tenants regarding their rents?
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What did Paciano Rizal write about in 1883 regarding the friars?
What did Paciano Rizal write about in 1883 regarding the friars?
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What was a major result of the tenants submitting a report to the government?
What was a major result of the tenants submitting a report to the government?
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How did the personal experiences of Rizal affect his writing?
How did the personal experiences of Rizal affect his writing?
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What was the top tier of the three-tiered system described?
What was the top tier of the three-tiered system described?
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What condition did Don Manuel Jauregui set when he donated land to the Jesuits?
What condition did Don Manuel Jauregui set when he donated land to the Jesuits?
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Which entity purchased the Hacienda de Azansa in 1883?
Which entity purchased the Hacienda de Azansa in 1883?
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What was the primary crop planted in the hacienda as mentioned?
What was the primary crop planted in the hacienda as mentioned?
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What challenge did most tenants face regarding the friars?
What challenge did most tenants face regarding the friars?
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Who was one of the principal inquilinos in the hacienda?
Who was one of the principal inquilinos in the hacienda?
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How large was the Hacienda de Azansa when purchased by the Dominicans?
How large was the Hacienda de Azansa when purchased by the Dominicans?
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What economic opportunity prompted families to migrate to the hacienda?
What economic opportunity prompted families to migrate to the hacienda?
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What role did the religious orders play in the acquisition of land during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
What role did the religious orders play in the acquisition of land during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
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What was the primary expectation of inquilinos in the hacienda system?
What was the primary expectation of inquilinos in the hacienda system?
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What could happen to an inquilino who failed to meet the requirements set by their landlords?
What could happen to an inquilino who failed to meet the requirements set by their landlords?
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How did the inquilino system impact social structure within the haciendas?
How did the inquilino system impact social structure within the haciendas?
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What was one of the economic changes occurring by the mid-eighteenth century?
What was one of the economic changes occurring by the mid-eighteenth century?
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What were tenants required to do in relation to the land they worked on?
What were tenants required to do in relation to the land they worked on?
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What was the canonical amount in the context of the inquilino system?
What was the canonical amount in the context of the inquilino system?
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What option did an inquilino have if they failed to fulfill their requirements?
What option did an inquilino have if they failed to fulfill their requirements?
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Study Notes
Jose Rizal and the Hacienda de Calamba
- Jose Rizal was in Hong Kong in 1891 when he learned about his family's legal troubles regarding Hacienda de Calamba.
- His mother, Dona Teodora, and sisters Josefa and Trinidad faced summoning by Spanish authorities for investigation.
Key Vocabulary
- Conquistador: Spanish conquerors from the 16th century.
- Caballero: A small land tract in land grants.
- Hacienda: Large estates dedicated to agriculture and livestock.
- Inquilino: Tenants renting land from friars and leasing it to sharecroppers.
- Principales: The ruling elite class in Filipino society.
- Canon: A measurement equivalent to 75 liters.
Historical Context of Friar Estates in the Philippines
- Friar estates originated from land grants to early Spanish conquistadores during the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
- The grants often included vast lands, such as sitio de ganado mayor (1,742 hectares) and caballerias (42.5 hectares).
- Three primary reasons led to the underdevelopment of these lands by Spanish hacenderos: transient Spanish population, small market for livestock, and higher rewards from Galleon Trade.
Agrarian Relationships and Social Structure
- The agricultural economy evolved, leading to the inquilino system by the mid-18th century.
- This system consisted of landlords at the top, inquilinos in the middle, and sharecroppers (kasama) at the bottom.
- Inquilinos rented land and were liable to provide personal services to landlords while paying fixed rents based on harvest or cash.
Conflict over Hacienda de Calamba
- In 1759, lands of Hacienda de Calamba were initially owned by Spanish laymen and later taken over by religious orders, specifically the Jesuits and Dominicans.
- Rizal's family, as principal inquilinos, faced numerous grievances including increased rents and inefficient irrigation from the Friars.
- By the late 19th century, tensions rose when the Dominicans demanded reports from tenants regarding unpaid rents, further complicating the situation.
Rizal's Family and Increased Tensions
- Rizal's family experienced eviction threats due to unpaid rents, leading to community petitions for grievances.
- A petition authored by Rizal included complaints about escalating rents and requested the resolution of tenant issues.
- The response from the friars included retaliations, leading to further expulsions of tenants who resisted payment.
Impact on Jose Rizal
- The events surrounding Hacienda de Calamba and the strife experienced by his family deeply affected Rizal.
- His family's suffering during this conflict was a significant influence on his second novel, El Filibusterismo, reflecting themes of social injustices and resistance against oppression.
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Description
This quiz delves into the historical conflicts faced by Rizal, particularly his family’s struggles with the Dominicans over land grants. Explore the vocabulary and key terms related to this significant aspect of Spanish colonial history. Test your knowledge on these terms and their implications in Rizal's life.
