Rizal's Birth and Family Background

The surname "Rizal" is derived from the Spanish word "Ricial", meaning a field where green wheat sprouts again.

Jose Rizal's family name "Mercado" was adopted by his paternal great-great-grandfather, Domingo Lamco, in 1731. The Spanish term "mercado" translates to "market" in English.

Jose Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861, between 11 PM and midnight.

Don Francisco Mercado, Jose Rizal's father, was known for his independent spirit, hard work, and quiet demeanor.

Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda, Jose Rizal's mother, was well-educated and a gifted writer. She played a significant role in shaping Rizal's intellectual development by correcting his poems and offering advice.

Paciano, Jose Rizal's older brother, served as a confidant and a father figure to him. He is immortalized in Rizal's novel "Noli Me Tangere" as the wise Pilosopong Tasio.

Saturnina, Jose Rizal's oldest sister, was affectionately called "Neneng". She married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.

The Rizal family's original surname, adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco, their paternal great-great-grandfather, who was Chinese.

The second surname acquired by the Rizal family, given by a Spanish alcalde mayor who was a friend.

A two-story adobe house, rectangular in shape, with a red tile roof.

A town aristocracy in the Spanish Philippines, characterized by their social standing and influence.

A simple, content, and happy life. They were well-off, but also humble and focused on family values.

Don Francisco and Doña Teodora's emphasis on ethical behavior, obedience, and respect.

The first memory of Rizal's childhood, filled with joy in the garden.

Rizal's love for nighttime walks, especially during the moonlit nights.

Rizal's first experience with deep grief and love, caused by the loss of his sister Concha.

The author initially felt bored and uninterested in his mother's reading and was distracted by the flame and moths.

The author's interest was immediately piqued upon hearing the word 'story,' as it promised something new and exciting.

The author was captivated by the fable of the young moth and the old one, with his attention drawn to the real moths around the flame, creating a parallel to the story.

The author's fascination with the moths and their dance around the flame intensified, even despite hearing the old moth's warnings about the danger.

The author was deeply affected by the moth's death, experiencing a profound emotional shift as the flame and his mother's voice seemed distant.

The author's attention was completely focused on the dead moth, symbolizing the insect's sacrifice for its illusions.

A poem written by Jose Rizal at the age of eight, expressing his love for his fellow Filipinos.

A dramatic work written by Jose Rizal at the age of eight, showcasing his early literary talent.

Rizal's cousin who encouraged his physical development and love for nature.

Rizal's cousin who nurtured his love for reading and scholarship.

The Spanish family Bible that Rizal learned to read from.

The Spanish reader used for teaching Rizal.

Leon Monroy, a classmate who taught Rizal the basics of Latin.

The story 'The Story of the Moth' is a recollection of Rizal's childhood experience of learning to read.

Rizal's mother, who played a significant role in his education.

Rizal's pilgrimage with his father to Antipolo, fulfilling his mother's vow.

The story of the moth, told by Rizal's mother, emphasizes the importance of obedience and the potential consequences of disobedience - a lesson Rizal deeply internalized.

Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda, Rizal's mother, played a crucial role in his intellectual development by providing him with his initial education. She instilled in him a love for learning and a deep connection with God.

Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Leon Monroy were the first private tutors who shaped Rizal's academic journey. These individuals introduced Rizal to a wider scope of knowledge and instilled in him a strong foundation for future learning.

Rizal's move to Biñan in 1869 marked a significant transition in his education. He left the familiarity of his home to pursue further learning, encountering a new environment and experiencing homesickness during his journey.

The moonlight on Rizal's journey from Calamba to Biñan triggered a wave of nostalgia, reminding him of his family, home, and familiar surroundings, highlighting his emotional attachment to his roots.