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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes a primary driver of conflict related to precious stones?
Which of the following best describes a primary driver of conflict related to precious stones?
What is the main concern regarding fuel scarcity for both developing and developed nations?
What is the main concern regarding fuel scarcity for both developing and developed nations?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a potential cause of resource conflict?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a potential cause of resource conflict?
What is the primary role of a mediator in resource conflict resolution?
What is the primary role of a mediator in resource conflict resolution?
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Which conflict resolution strategy involves a voluntary process where parties reach an agreement through mutual consent?
Which conflict resolution strategy involves a voluntary process where parties reach an agreement through mutual consent?
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In the context of resource conflicts, what does 'avoidance' refer to?
In the context of resource conflicts, what does 'avoidance' refer to?
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Which of the following actors is LEAST likely to be involved in natural resource conflicts?
Which of the following actors is LEAST likely to be involved in natural resource conflicts?
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What is a key characteristic of 'conflict minerals'?
What is a key characteristic of 'conflict minerals'?
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Which resource conflict expression is described as remaining hidden or latent?
Which resource conflict expression is described as remaining hidden or latent?
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What distinguishes 'arbitration' from 'mediation' in conflict resolution?
What distinguishes 'arbitration' from 'mediation' in conflict resolution?
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Which factor does NOT primarily contribute to the rise in market value of natural resources?
Which factor does NOT primarily contribute to the rise in market value of natural resources?
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What is the most direct definition of 'natural resource conflict'?
What is the most direct definition of 'natural resource conflict'?
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What was the primary objective of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) when it was established?
What was the primary objective of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) when it was established?
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According to the information, what is a potential consequence of unresolved natural resource conflicts?
According to the information, what is a potential consequence of unresolved natural resource conflicts?
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Which countries initially formed the Kagera Basin Organization (KBO) in 1977?
Which countries initially formed the Kagera Basin Organization (KBO) in 1977?
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What is the main purpose of the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)?
What is the main purpose of the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)?
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Which of the following is NOT identified as a potential source of national or sub-national resource disputes?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a potential source of national or sub-national resource disputes?
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Which contentious issue is often at the heart of national or sub-national resource disputes?
Which contentious issue is often at the heart of national or sub-national resource disputes?
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Which treaty led to the creation of the US-Canada International Joint Commission (IJC)?
Which treaty led to the creation of the US-Canada International Joint Commission (IJC)?
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What conditions exacerbate the likelihood of violence and devastation arising from disputes over natural resources?
What conditions exacerbate the likelihood of violence and devastation arising from disputes over natural resources?
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What is the main objective of the Joint Permanent Technical Commission (JPTC) related to the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA)?
What is the main objective of the Joint Permanent Technical Commission (JPTC) related to the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA)?
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Approximately what percentage of civil wars in the past six decades have been instigated by the control and use of natural resources?
Approximately what percentage of civil wars in the past six decades have been instigated by the control and use of natural resources?
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What critical role does the Kariba Dam play within the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) regional scheme?
What critical role does the Kariba Dam play within the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) regional scheme?
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Which of the following describes a function of the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA)?
Which of the following describes a function of the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA)?
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Which example illustrates a conflict originating from water scarcity?
Which example illustrates a conflict originating from water scarcity?
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What can land ownership provide access to, increasing its economic and socio-cultural importance?
What can land ownership provide access to, increasing its economic and socio-cultural importance?
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What was the initial name of the organization that was later replaced by the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)?
What was the initial name of the organization that was later replaced by the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)?
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What is the per capita water use in Egypt, according to the provided information?
What is the per capita water use in Egypt, according to the provided information?
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What is a major contributing factor to the increasing scarcity of land for personal, industrial, or agricultural use?
What is a major contributing factor to the increasing scarcity of land for personal, industrial, or agricultural use?
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Which historical event is given as an example of wars fought for the control of lands?
Which historical event is given as an example of wars fought for the control of lands?
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Which of the following is considered a key objective of the Kagera Basin Organization (KBO)?
Which of the following is considered a key objective of the Kagera Basin Organization (KBO)?
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What geographical area does the US-Canada International Joint Commission (IJC) primarily focus on for water management?
What geographical area does the US-Canada International Joint Commission (IJC) primarily focus on for water management?
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What is happening to the world's forest cover due to population growth and industrialization?
What is happening to the world's forest cover due to population growth and industrialization?
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Which countries signed a treaty in 1986 to create the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA)?
Which countries signed a treaty in 1986 to create the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA)?
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What aspect of natural resources often creates strong emotional and symbolic attachments for people?
What aspect of natural resources often creates strong emotional and symbolic attachments for people?
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Besides fishing, what other use of oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers can potentially be a source of conflict?
Besides fishing, what other use of oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers can potentially be a source of conflict?
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What is the role of the Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority (TCTA) in relation to the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA)?
What is the role of the Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority (TCTA) in relation to the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA)?
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What was the primary cause of village-level clashes in Afghanistan in 2008?
What was the primary cause of village-level clashes in Afghanistan in 2008?
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What historical connection is mentioned among Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt apart from sharing water resources?
What historical connection is mentioned among Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt apart from sharing water resources?
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Why is managing shared water resources a complex issue?
Why is managing shared water resources a complex issue?
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According to rational thinkers, what's the optimal way for riparian states to manage shared watercourses?
According to rational thinkers, what's the optimal way for riparian states to manage shared watercourses?
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What is the primary purpose of national, regional, and international institutions in the context of shared watercourses?
What is the primary purpose of national, regional, and international institutions in the context of shared watercourses?
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What percentage of the world's shared basins had bilateral conventions, according to the text?
What percentage of the world's shared basins had bilateral conventions, according to the text?
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What does the prevalence of bilateral agreements in multilateral basins suggest?
What does the prevalence of bilateral agreements in multilateral basins suggest?
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What was the main goal of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)?
What was the main goal of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)?
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What was the initial step in creating the Nile Basin Initiative?
What was the initial step in creating the Nile Basin Initiative?
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According to research, what potential outcome will the shared use of watercourses lead to?
According to research, what potential outcome will the shared use of watercourses lead to?
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Flashcards
Shared Watercourses
Shared Watercourses
Rivers and lakes that cross multiple jurisdictions and countries.
Riparian States
Riparian States
Countries or jurisdictions located along a watercourse.
Bilateral Conventions
Bilateral Conventions
Agreements between two riparian states regarding water use.
Multilateral Basins
Multilateral Basins
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Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)
Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)
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Conflict and Cooperation
Conflict and Cooperation
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Water Management Agreements
Water Management Agreements
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Institutional Frameworks
Institutional Frameworks
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Natural Resource Conflict
Natural Resource Conflict
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Causes of Resource Conflict
Causes of Resource Conflict
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Consequences of Resource Conflict
Consequences of Resource Conflict
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Types of Resource Conflict
Types of Resource Conflict
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Secessionist Conflicts
Secessionist Conflicts
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Legal Resource Disputes
Legal Resource Disputes
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Standalone Project Grievances
Standalone Project Grievances
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Cumulative Local Clashes
Cumulative Local Clashes
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Ownership Issues
Ownership Issues
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Power Allocation
Power Allocation
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Resource Revenue Distribution
Resource Revenue Distribution
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Environmental Damage
Environmental Damage
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Corruption and Administration Weakness
Corruption and Administration Weakness
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Examples of Resource Conflict
Examples of Resource Conflict
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Population Growth and Scarcity
Population Growth and Scarcity
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TECCONILE
TECCONILE
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Equitable Utilization
Equitable Utilization
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Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA)
Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA)
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Zambezi River Authority (ZRA)
Zambezi River Authority (ZRA)
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Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)
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International Joint Commission (IJC)
International Joint Commission (IJC)
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Potential Water Use
Potential Water Use
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Water Resource Conflict
Water Resource Conflict
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Basin Organizations
Basin Organizations
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Kagera Basin Organization (KBO)
Kagera Basin Organization (KBO)
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Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority (TCTA)
Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority (TCTA)
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Water Poverty
Water Poverty
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Shared River Systems
Shared River Systems
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Natural Resource Management
Natural Resource Management
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Timber Conflicts
Timber Conflicts
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Fuel Scarcity
Fuel Scarcity
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Conflict Minerals
Conflict Minerals
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Resource Conflict Causes
Resource Conflict Causes
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Types of Conflict Expressions
Types of Conflict Expressions
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Actors in Resource Conflict
Actors in Resource Conflict
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Conflict Resolution Strategies
Conflict Resolution Strategies
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Avoidance
Avoidance
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Mediation
Mediation
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Adjudication
Adjudication
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Study Notes
River Basin Organizations
- River and lake resources often cross jurisdictional boundaries, leading to diverse priorities and management challenges, especially internationally.
- Long-term rational management of shared basin resources is difficult due to political and institutional complexities, requiring agreements between riparian states.
- Governing rules are needed to harmonize relations among riparian societies and organizations for effective water use and management, maximizing human welfare and environmental protection.
- Shared water resources are not inherently conflict-inducing, but cooperation can mitigate potential disputes.
- National, regional, and international organizations are essential for managing shared watercourses and resolving disputes.
- Many bilateral and multilateral conventions exist regarding shared international watercourses.
- A significant portion (67%) of shared water basins have bilateral agreements, but a larger percentage of past agreements (79%) involved three or more parties.
- Multilateral basin covenants often have a bilateral structure (2:1 ratio), sometimes excluding certain riparian states.
- Examples of successful river basin organizations:
- Nile Basin Initiative (NBI): Coordinated resource management and development in the Nile basin, initiated by six riparian states (Egypt, Sudan, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire) in 1992.
- Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA): Transferred water from Lesotho to South Africa's industrial areas. Created in 1986.
- Zambezi River Authority (ZRA): Bilateral organization for managing the Zambezi River and its Kariba Dam among other objectives.
- Kagera Basin Organization (KBO): Regional cooperation to develop the potential of the basin. Founded 1977.
- Southern African Power Pool (SAPP): Improvement of electrical power supply in Southern Africa. Founded 1995.
- Southern African Regional Commission for Conservation and Utilization of the Soil (SARCCUS): Focuses on water and soil conservation.
- US-Canada International Joint Commission (IJC): Addresses water management and environmental issues in the Great Lakes.
Natural Resource Conflicts
- Natural resources (water, air, land, forests, fish, wildlife, topsoil, and minerals) are essential for human livelihoods and significantly impact a nation's wealth and prestige.
- Some resources are exhaustible (diamonds, minerals, oil) leading to asset scarcity and potential for conflict.
- Resource conflicts typically involve:
- Ownership of resources
- Allocation of power to manage access and development
- Distribution of resource revenues
- Environmental and social damage from resource extraction
- Multiple competing demands lead to continuous resource conflicts, but conflicts can be managed and resolved.
- Water and pasture shortages, land disputes, fishing disputes, and conflicts over timber, fuel, and precious minerals (conflict minerals) often lead to conflict.
Causes and Consequences of Resource Conflicts
- Resource conflicts involve disputes over accessing, controlling, and using resources like forests, water, pastures, and land.
- Conflicts occur when:
- User groups are excluded from resource management.
- Resources are poorly managed or inequitably shared.
- Local and introduced management systems contradict each other.
- Information about government policies is unclear.
- Laws and policies are unclear or contradictory.
- Unequal resource distribution exists.
- Policies and programs are poorly implemented.
- Conflicts may escalate to violence and cause environmental degradation and worsen livelihoods.
- Conflicts can stem from:
- Secessionist movements in resource-rich regions.
- Disputes stemming from new laws and resource management frameworks.
- Issues concerning specific projects (mines, dams, etc.)
- Gradual escalation from small-scale clashes.
Conflict Resolution Methods
- Recognizing and handling resource conflicts is a necessity for sustainable development.
- People may respond to conflicts in various ways including:
- Avoidance
- Coercion
- Negotiation
- Arbitration
- Mediation
- Adjudication
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the complexities of managing river basin organizations, especially concerning shared water resources that cross political boundaries. This quiz focuses on the cooperation required among riparian states to enhance effective water management and welfare. Delve into the significance of bilateral and multilateral agreements in resolving disputes over shared watercourses.