Chapter 5 - Risks and Resilience After Divorce

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of women who first married before age 18 are divorced within 10 years?

39%

48% (correct)

24%

32%

Among non-Hispanic white women, which group has the highest risk of divorce after 10 years?

Women with a master's degree or higher

Women with high school diplomas only

Women without a high school degree (correct)

Women with a bachelor's degree

What is the likelihood of divorce for African American women after 10 years of marriage?

34%

32%

58%

47% (correct)

What proportion of non-Hispanic white women have completed legal divorce within 5 years after separation?

97% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the remarriage rate for Hispanic women 5 years after divorce?

44% (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does education relate to the risk of divorce among Hispanic women?

Higher education correlates to a higher divorce risk. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is associated with a higher risk of divorce?

Both A and C (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was primarily examined by Lorenz et al. regarding mothers following divorce?

The relationship between stressful events and emotional distress (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which study was co-parenting analyzed after divorce?

Maccoby et al. (1990) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did McLanahan (1999) focus on concerning children?

Father absence and its influence on child welfare (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which research addressed the adjustment of boys following family structure transitions?

Martinez & Forgatch (2002) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of MacKinnon (1989) regarding family dynamics?

Sibling interactions in divorced families (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference in parenting stress reported by residential fathers compared to residential mothers?

Mothers engage more in monitoring activities. (C), Fathers report less childrearing stress. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style is considered most effective in both divorced and nondivorced households?

Authoritative parenting. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of relationships in divorced families, which maternal-filial relationship is typically more affectionate?

Mothers and daughters. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed regarding sons in divorced families compared to those in nondivorced families?

Lower levels of contact with their fathers. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Divorced parents are less likely than nondivorced parents to use which parenting style?

Authoritative parenting. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a reported consequence of divorced parenting styles in terms of children's behavior?

Mean levels of problem behaviors are still higher. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What common desire is reported by nonresidential divorced fathers regarding their children?

Desire to stay involved with their children. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style is linked to higher levels of social and academic competence in children?

Authoritative parenting. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do sons in divorced families typically feel towards their fathers compared to sons in nondivorced families?

Less affectionate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which author examined the implications of divorce on children's behavior problems linked to marital stability?

Emery, C.R. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which publication did Emery provide an overview of research on postdivorce family life for children?

The postdivorce family (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of Fisher, T., De Graaf, P.M., & Kalmijn, M.'s research postdivorce?

Patterns of contact between former spouses (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following studies discusses long-term physical health correlates for children after divorce?

Fabricius, W.V. & Luecken, L.J. (2007) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main subject of the research conducted by Forgatch, M.S., Patterson, G.R., & Ray, J.A. in 1996?

Divorce's impact on adjustment problems for boys (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which publication focuses on children's best interests in legal settings post-divorce?

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which researchers highlighted the issue of family instability and its effects on child well-being?

Fomby, P. & Cherlin, A.J. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of research does the article by Emery, R.E., Sbarra, D.A., & Grover, T. focus on?

Trends in mediation and litigation processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who studied the children's perspectives and findings that diverge from previous well-known research on divorce?

Fabricius, W.V. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which author discussed the critical assessment of child custody evaluations and noted their limitations?

Emery, R.E. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do parents play regarding information disclosure about their romantic relationships to their children?

They decide on the extent and timing of information disclosure depending on developmental appropriateness. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is suggested to potentially accelerate the repartnering process after divorce?

Positive child adjustment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can inappropriate levels of information exposure about romantic relationships impact children?

It can provoke distress and acting-out behaviors in adolescents. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a significant aspect of integrating a new romantic partner into a family?

Joint activities between children and the new partner can ease the adaptation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does research suggest about the relationship between residential children and new partners?

They increase the likelihood of forming unions with partners who also have children. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary challenge parents face regarding their dating life post-divorce?

Managing children's reaction to the new partner's level of involvement in discipline. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which potential consequence should parents consider regarding overnight stays of new partners?

It may create discomfort and distress in children. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the parent-child dynamic influence the child’s perception of the new romantic partner?

The parent’s response to the partner’s behavior shapes the child’s interpretation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can result from managing the interaction between the new partner and children effectively?

It influences the long-term adaptation of the family to the new partner. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect should parents avoid when disclosing their romantic relationships to children?

Overexposing children to sexual implications of the relationships. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Risk and Resilience After Divorce

Divorce and single-parent households are common in contemporary American society.
This chapter reviews the stresses and adaptive challenges faced by adults and children during divorce transitions.
A process model of divorce is presented, viewing it as a cascade of potentially stressful changes and disruptions, affecting adults and children.
Divorce rates peaked in 1981, declining since then, but still approaching 50% lifetime risk of a first marriage ending in divorce.
Prevalence factors include age at marriage, education, income, race/ethnicity, religiosity, and the parents' marital history.
Families are often in transition even before a divorce is finalized, with dating and cohabitation common.
Divorce can lead to serious negative impacts on mental and physical health for adults, such as increased rates of depression, alcoholism, and, in some cases, mortality.

Effects of Divorce on Adjustment

Divorce is a highly stressful experience for adults, often leading to various negative outcomes.
Risks include mental health issues (e.g., depression, psychological distress), physical health concerns, and elevated risks of accident or injury.

Adult Adjustment

Divorce dramatically affects adults' experience, and many exhibit problematic outcomes.
The risk of adverse psychological consequences is substantial.
Divorce is linked to increases in mental health distress and poorer physical health measures, such as high blood pressure and immune system issues.
Economic strain is a significant factor, resulting in reduced income for divorced individuals, and potentially increasing poverty.

Child Adjustment

Children of divorce often experience negative outcomes.
Meta-analytic studies reveal a doubling of risk for behavioral problems in children of divorce compared to children in non-divorced households.
Many children show no serious difficulties.
Negative effects can persist into adulthood.

Family Relationships

Divorce impacts relationships between former spouses, frequently leading to conflict and disengagement.
Relationships may also become strained between residential parents and children.
Often strained relationships among siblings due to parental conflict.
Some positive outcomes are possible, such as increased support among family.

Relationships with Siblings

Divorce, often distressing for sibling relationships, involving conflict and negativity.
These strained relationships have a relationship with adult parent relationships.
Children, during the divorce process, may shift loyalties in the family unit.

Relationships with Grandparents

Divorce may trigger increased ties with grandparents for support (financial or otherwise).
This support can have benefits or negatives, dependent on the relationship quality.

Relationships with Romantic Partners

Repartnering following divorce is common, though it may pose additional challenges for both the adults and children who are involved.
The potential of a family unit transitioning into a cohabiting relationship can either positively or negatively impact child development.

Legal System

Divorce and legal struggles are a major area of focus in social policy.
State laws frequently seek to promote joint legal custody and continued parental relationships.
Alternate efforts for non-adversarial dispute resolutions are often used.

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Description

This quiz explores the impacts of divorce on both adults and children, discussing the psychological and physical challenges faced during transitions. The material analyzes factors contributing to the prevalence of divorce and examines the underlying process model affecting families. Understanding these dynamics can aid in navigating the post-divorce landscape effectively.