CPHRM, Risk Management & Insurance Regulation

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Questions and Answers

Which of these factors contributed to the evolution of healthcare risk management in the 1970s?

  • Less litigation
  • Decreased medical professional liability
  • Increased availability of medical professional liability insurers
  • Rising insurance premiums (correct)

What is the primary aim of risk management?

  • Maximize the adverse event of accidental losses.
  • Increase accidental losses.
  • Increase accidental losses and liability
  • Minimize adverse events. (correct)

According to the content, what is the definition of 'harm' in the context of healthcare risk management?

  • Financial injury resulting from medical car
  • Undesirable patient outcomes regardless of injury
  • Intentional physical injury resulting from medical car
  • Unintended physical injury resulting from or contributed to by medical car that requires additional monitoring, treatment, or hospitalization, or that result in death. (correct)

What is the focus of traditional risk management in healthcare?

<p>Strict risk avoidance related to insurance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there a shift occurring from traditional risk management to enterprise risk management?

<p>Greater social media presence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)?

<p>Recognizes synergistic effects of risk across all facets of an organization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to ASHRM's definition, what does ERM in healthcare promote?

<p>A comprehensive framework for making risk management decisions which maximize value protection and creation by managing risk and uncertainty and their connections to total value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Traditional Risk Management (TRM) and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in terms of their focus?

<p>ERM is proactive, while TRM is reactive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is part of the process for ERM as a Decision-Making Process?

<p>Monitoring techniques and making changes as necessary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the risk management process?

<p>Identifying and analyzing exposure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incident reports serve as a cornerstone to which one of the following concepts?

<p>A health care risk management program. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of providing Risk Management Training?

<p>Develop corrective action. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When classifying exposures, what are the three mentioned exposure types?

<p>Property, net income, and liability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following methods is for the treatment of an exposure using risk management techniques?

<p>Risk control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of risk financing?

<p>Pay for losses once they occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between risk control and risk financing?

<p>Risk control prevents losses before or reduces severirty, risk financing manages financial aspect of loss after it occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'current expensing of losses' refer to in risk retention?

<p>Paying for losses out of available cash as they occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'unfunded loss reserve' in the context of risk financing?

<p>Accounting entry showing a potential liability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of risk retention groups?

<p>To provide liability coverage to members and owners with similar or related entities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insurance provides payment if a party suffers a type of loss listed in their agreement?

<p>Indemnity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning on Insurance?

<p>A system where losses are shared between the insured (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct function that financial Guarantees Provide?

<p>Contract guaranteeing performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is the primary focus of regulation of insurance at the state level?

<p>Approve policy forms and handling complaints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors define drafting specification coverage?

<p>Evaluate exposure and select insurance carrier. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a soft insurance market which option is more possible?

<p>Increased Capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are a Broker and Agent different?

<p>An agent represents the insurance and broker the purhcased (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key attribute to find when hiring a new broker?

<p>Communication skill and creativity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which members are required for Insurance?

<p>Underwriter and examiner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the point/expertise of Underwriter?

<p>Someone to evaluate or analyze and value and set for an insurance. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defintion or reference to for Retractive Rate?

<p>To adjust premium accoridng to actual loss 6 month after policy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under typical insurance policy, what is the date where all records have been recorded and updated for the insurnace company?

<p>Six months after policy expiration and then annually thereafter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What to retain less a loss exposure and what action might you have to take under this market shift ?

<p>To increase insurance purchased (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does one need to be well covered?

<p>High cover and review what's important. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step involves finding what is the core basis for each type from this point ?

<p>Making you are covered by the specific type. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To create a standard or agreement which of the following needs to occur or be in order to manage this?

<p>To provide each agreement and policy followed and be in effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be one be required to do know all is in placed?

<p>To review that has been reported (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the primary objective of traditional risk management?

<p>Protecting financial resources and reputation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of the risk management process?

<p>To minimize the adverse event of accidental losses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of healthcare risk management, what does the term 'hazard' primarily refer to?

<p>A condition that creates or increases the chance of loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) regarding risk?

<p>Addressing risk from all sources across and beyond the organization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is one of the key goals of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in healthcare?

<p>Promoting patient safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Enterprise Risk Management engage stakeholders compared to Traditional Risk Management?

<p>ERM involves clinicians and staff, while TRM primarily involves the board and C-suite. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'monitoring' in the ERM decision-making process?

<p>Ensure techniques do not need changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During risk identification, what is the purpose of determining the 'type of value exposed to loss'?

<p>To identify the nature of assets that could be at risk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is considered a 'formal' approach to risk identification?

<p>Incident Reporting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of reporting incidents in healthcare risk management?

<p>To ensure consistency with routine care and operational standards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In risk ranking, after you identify the level and the likelihood of a certain step. What is next when performing a risk ranking calculation?

<p>Reference the product against a range of values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The step of 'Treatment' in Risk Management has goals to achieve which of the following choices?

<p>Examination, Selection and Implementation of Alternative Risk Treatments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall goal of risk financing?

<p>Generating funds to pay for losses risk control does not prevent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to one risk control technique, what would one do if a risk has been determined to be outside of all acceptable safety measures?

<p>Risk Avoidance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must someone provide to receive payment on their insurance policy?

<p>Commitment to pay. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under insurance non-insurance, what is an important thing to find under these services?

<p>A service plan or contract. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With insurance to be considered, one must ensure:

<p>All aspects are legal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When examining professional liability, which one of these has the potential to add more data?

<p>Previous occurrence policy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role helps with data to be calculated under actuarial use?

<p>Organization lost data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The part of your contract that defines the most standard data for insurance is?

<p>Standard Elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Once an issue has been listed, what best helps guide steps and potential solutions for these incidents?

<p>Claims-Made coverage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When changing providers to new medical care. Which option allows one to stay in-line and with better support?

<p>Maintain Retro Date. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a report mentions the topic 'Nose Coverage' what might it mention?

<p>Period of time between an insured's retroactive date and the current policy period. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are the costs under retro come?

<p>6 months after it is finished. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Insurance groups, what is the most important for plans?

<p>Helping steps to run, manage, and plan the future. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most steps require which thing from the brokers?

<p>For Expertise and good data to improve and change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depending on Underwriter to account to follow the data provided to be correct

<p>To have accurate data for rate and price. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are four steps that can help and be the correct steps?

<p>To have good work, run at high value, with as few problems as able. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All steps and changes need well- what?

<p>Data and Support high plans in detail. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a plan does not follow what has been set, what then should occur?

<p>To try and make the best step but to ensure the change needs to help. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plan has high value, what makes them important to run?

<p>To manage the correct areas with high attention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an agency wanted to retain less loss exposure and potentially look to transfer more to the insurance company, should they look to be in more of a soft market or a hard market?

<p>More possible to retain less loss exposure in a <strong><em>soft</em></strong> market. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To follow one of the steps for help and action, what needs to be done before the correct actions arrive?

<p>To first allow and detail the correct process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When working with a contract that requires insurance, what needs to be considered first?

<p>What needs to occur and is in plan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If all was in place for steps, what then is required?

<p>Contact the team to improve a better structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is most aligned with the use of 'risk control' after considering Risk Identification and before Risk Financing?

<p>Lessen the severity of potential accidental event losses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do risk reduction techniques aim to reduce or mitigate a loss?

<p>Prior to the event occurring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exposures does NOT belong under third party insurance coverage?

<p>Umbrella excess liability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under direct insurance, what is the purpose of having 'excess insurance'?

<p>To afford additional limits of liability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a company wanted a plan in which they pay per individual losses, self insurance, how often do they expect those pay?

<p>As they occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organization fails to monitor slippery floor. The family pushing patient sues.

<p>Unintended. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The part of your contract that defines the steps involved as best and all.

<p>Insuring agreement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During self insurance (credit risk), how should funds function under what?

<p>In a separate bank with the right aspects to follow and improve. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the plan, what might you expect to see as a benefit from coverage Insurance?

<p>Having support and working details with action parts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a good area for support?

<p>Always well and known to work. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the insurance world, what would someone need to understand what they do?

<p>All aspects with that support. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to a legal case, what 3 parts need to have those to be legal and to hold the standards (select all that apply)?

<p>Determining the acceptable state. (A), Assessment the legal steps only. (B), Discovering the facts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In traditional risk management, what is a common approach to handling risk?

<p>Strict risk avoidance through limited focus and insurance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in focus between traditional and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)?

<p>TRM focuses on hazard risks and ERM encompasses a wider range of risks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the 'Strategic' category of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) risk categories?

<p>Risks that impact the organization's goals and objectives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ERM goals, what does 'reducing uncertainty and process variability' primarily aim to achieve?

<p>Minimizing deviations from expected results and improving predictability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viewpoint accurately characterizes Risk Avoidance as a risk control technique?

<p>Choosing never to undertake an activity to completely eliminate associated risks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of 'Loss Prevention' as a risk control technique?

<p>To reduce the likelihood of a potential occurrence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do contracts containing hold-harmless agreements function under risk control techniques?

<p>They transfer potential legal or financial responsibilities when a loss event transpires. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of Risk Financing techniques used in risk management?

<p>To make resources available to handle losses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately defines 'current expensing of losses' within Risk Retention?

<p>Covering losses with available cash in the present as they manifest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the domain of insurance, what is a 'captive insurer' most akin to?

<p>Subsidiary specifically funding specified losses for parent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamentally defines 'Insurance' in the context of risk transfer?

<p>A structured means of transferring losses for specific perils. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under insurance policies incorporating a 'deductible', who bears the responsibility for covering expenses up to the deductible amount?

<p>The insured is accountable for handling expenses before the insurer contributes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within insurance policies, what signifies the 'declarations page'?

<p>A synopsis pinpointing insured parties, assets, and maximum payouts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which insurance sector is 'HMO/Capitation stop loss' most pertinent to?

<p>Medical ventures overseeing prepaid healthcare schemes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a claims-made insurance policy most distinguished for?

<p>Only covering claims both occurring and formally lodged while agreement remains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant when an insurance provider cites 'Nose Coverage'?

<p>Guarantee insuring incidents arising historically. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With what is "cost certainty" best associated within a risk financing context?

<p>Total risk transfer where financial accountability fixed upfront. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under an insurance arrangement, what primarily motivates using actuarial reviews?

<p>Gauge hazard probabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute should a business value when looking for a new broker?

<p>Expert in health care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To ensure well covered, well support and better support, which option allows one to stay in-line?

<p>Changing providers with those records. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under a "claims-made" insurance policy, what action is critical for coverage if an incident occurs near the end of the policy term?

<p>The insured must request and pay for an extended reporting period (tail coverage). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor would likely be the MOST influential for a hospital when deciding between a traditional insurance plan and a self-insured retention (SIR) plan?

<p>The hospital's financial capacity to readily absorb potential losses and ability to manage associated claims. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of an actuary in the context of healthcare risk management and insurance?

<p>To evaluates financial risk, predict future losses, and ensures long-term financial stability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an 'unfunded loss reserve' function within risk retention?

<p>It signifies a portion of surplus earmarked through an accounting entry as a potential liability for retained losses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST complete and accurate definition of an insurance policy's 'declarations page'?

<p>It is a summary document that outlines the policy coverage, limits, deductibles, and other key information specific to the insured. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of policy would be used at 2 different points to insure 2 groups of physicians, where one group had past coverage and one group is about to set up new coverage:

<p>A “nose coverage” can be selected to provide to stay in line, or a provider with new “tail options” (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do economic conditions affect risk transfer/insurance plans?

<p>If an organization wanted to retain less loss exposure and potentially look to transfer more to the insurance company, should they look to be in more of a <em>soft</em> market or a <em>hard</em> market? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a risk-financing context, what does “cost certainty” MOST directly imply for an organization?

<p>The organization has the ability to precisely predict and budget for its risk-related expenses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action best helps create steps and solutions for listed issues?

<p>A list helps guide and create a direct path to follow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a "hard insurance market", what is a likely outcome for insurance buyers?

<p>Coverage options become more limited or restricted and rates increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a healthcare organization with a mature ERM program, which metric would MOST comprehensively reflect the program's efficacy in fortifying resilience against systemic shocks, such as pandemics?

<p>A composite index derived from the correlation between organizational strategic objectives achievement alongside reduction in process variability across clinical and operational departments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An integrated delivery network (IDN) is contemplating shifting from a traditional insurance model toward a risk retention strategy involving a captive insurer. What critical prerequisite must be satisfied to ensure the economic viability and regulatory compliance of this captive?

<p>An actuarial certification demonstrating the IDN's ability to fully fund the captive's projected liabilities, even under stress-testing scenarios simulating multiple standard deviations from expected loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating a claims-made insurance policy, what are the MOST critical considerations regarding 'nose coverage' (prior acts coverage) and 'tail coverage' (extended reporting period) a risk manager should analyze?

<p>The interplay between the retroactive date written into the new policy, with coverage that is not limited and how that date lines up to the previous policy alongside the additional payment with tail coverage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A large academic medical center is considering implementing a 'blended risk transfer/retention' strategy, utilizing both a high-deductible insurance policy and a captive insurer. What are the MOST important factors the CFO needs to evaluate to confirm the economic viability of that plan?

<p>An analysis showing if there are potential synergistic effects and the actuarial reviewed projections to confirm cost efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a healthcare system characterized by high operational complexity and interdependence, what is MOST critical to establishing a robust and proactively managed risk management framework?

<p>Aligning strategic goals of the organization with the risks and uncertainty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an insurance company references IBNR (Incurred But Not Reported) in their actuarial reports, what does this MOST accurately suggest regarding their estimation of total liabilities?

<p>Estimate of claims that have occurred but not been reported. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under a “retrospective rating” plan, what does it MOST directly indicate of the final premium determination at the end of the policy period?

<p>The final premium relies on the actual losses, the retrospective approach to calculating the premiums. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose a hospital implements a new patient safety protocol aimed at reducing surgical site infections (SSIs). Which quantitative metric would BEST reflect the efficacy of this risk control technique?

<p>Reduction on SSI divided by how many procedures have been done, to what point it did increase under. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST critical distinction between a claims-made and an occurrence insurance policy from a long-term risk management perspective?

<p>That occurrence plan will cover even if when the policy has expired, as compared to claims made. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organization is conducting due diligence on potential insurance brokers. Beyond standard qualifications and experience, what MOST accurately demonstrates their capacity to develop innovative risk financing solutions tailored to their organizational profile?

<p>Detailed case review of actuarial data, and the capacity to have well help. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Risk management in healthcare primarily addresses potential financial gains.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the presentation, strategic planning is not within the scope of Dr. Sahar Khalil Alhajrassi's expertise.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) seeks to manage risks across the entire organization.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traditional Risk Management (TRM) and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) are essentially the same thing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ultimate purpose of Risk Management is to eliminate all potential harm.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incident reporting should focus solely on serious occurrences, ignoring minor events.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of risk management, 'transfer' refers to shifting the financial burden of risk to another party.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 'potentially compensable event' (PCE) is an occurrence that is guaranteed to result in a lawsuit.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An insurance policy's 'declarations page' typically includes the insured's claims history.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 'hard' insurance market is defined by easily accessible and affordable coverage options.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traditional risk management encourages open communication with patients and their families regarding findings after an adverse event.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overarching goal of modern risk management is to provide the least amount of protection, thus maximizing profits at the expense of patient safety.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strategic risks, unlike financial risks, are considered outside the scope of Enterprise Risk Management.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An insurance policy's exclusions define what the policy will cover under specific circumstances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key goal of enterprise risk management is to increase uncertainty to promote innovation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Risk management is primarily handled by a single department within an organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In risk management, 'insurance risk' refers to the potential harm a company could suffer due to fluctuating insurance rates.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Risk Control involves addressing financial losses after they occur.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company can transfer the financial burden but NOT necessarily the ultimate legal responsibility for losses.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ISO 31000 is explicitly mentioned as a required compliance standard for healthcare risk management in the provided materials.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Risk management is a static process that does not require continuous monitoring or updates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operational risks are primarily related to external factors like market competition.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A self-insurance trust provides more flexible spending options for funds compared to other arrangements.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a 'claims-made' insurance policy, coverage is determined solely by when the incident occurred, regardless of when the claim is reported.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To obtain insights into an organization's total cost of risk, it is unnecessary to consider uninsured losses.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "stop-loss" method is designed to determine what point of cost containment provides maximal value, at no cost, and with high specificity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key element of a 'market proposal' for insurance purchasing is that broker selection depends primarily on cost and services, rather than broker experience.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The data listed, does not, generally need to be in both actuaries, claims, finance, and the legal department; instead, the claim department is supposed to receive that information.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of insurance, 'Incurred But Not Reported' (IBNR) refers to losses related to property damage.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key advantage of a 'conceptual proposal' is the speed. Using the conceptual approach will generate, overall, faster results and more streamlined responses.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is no need for retroactive date when coverage is claims made.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is crucial for insurance departments to get licensed to make claims

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is more important to evaluate a broker than the actual insurance policy

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Having all C-suite at an organization with no prior knowledge in risk management decisions allows for a more diverse risk.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overall number rating is more important if an organization is in-prevention or non preventable risk.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It's common practice to utilize an older company, from sometime in the 1970s, for financial protection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is more safe to be audited in certain risk rather than not at all.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is not important to use different types of financial and insurance regulation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Once an insurance policy is in place, the premiums cannot be changed, even with an increase in risk.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Actuaries are experts specialized in evaluating risk, but are not generally consulted on insurance pricing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enterprise Risk Management's primary objective is to enhance the volatility of an organization's strategic planning, disregarding the interconnectedness of risks and their potential synergistic effects.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In traditional risk management, the assessment of risks heavily weighs speculative gains over potential losses, focusing predominantly on opportunities for financial upside.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'retention ratio' in risk financing techniques invariably entails the complete transfer of financial responsibility to a third-party insurer, nullifying any direct financial burden on the insured entity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under a 'claims-made' insurance policy, coverage is triggered simply by the occurrence of the insured incident, irrespective of when the claim is actually reported to the insurer.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In determining the cost of risk, financial auditing expenses are classified uniquely under 'hazard' risks, precluding their allocation to operational or strategic risk assessments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding insurance purchasing, agents invariably represent only the purchaser, advocating exclusively for their interests in coverage and pricing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In insurance contracts, there is no relationship to third-party contracts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operational risk invariably relates to risks from workplace safety alone.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the point of view of minimizing losses then it's best that organizations should take a reactive approach with Traditional Risk management.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are four important aspects to any definition of Risk Management: Risk Indifference; Risk Appetite; Risk Evaluation; and Risk Monitoring.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following risk management terms with their definitions:

<p>Risk Avoidance = Never undertaking a risk Loss Prevention = Reducing the frequency and possibility of losses Loss Reduction = Reducing the severity of losses that occur Segregation = Separation or duplication of loss exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of traditional risk management to modern Enterprise Risk Management (ERM):

<p>Focus = Reactive (TRM) vs. Proactive (ERM) Outcome = Asset preservation (TRM) vs. Value creation (ERM) Breadth/Depth = Departmental silos (TRM) vs. Organizational-wide (ERM) Engagement = Board/C-Suite (TRM) vs. Clinician/Staff (ERM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match Risk Categories (ERM) to their descriptions:

<p>Strategic = Overall direction and competitive advantage of the organization Financial = Risks impacting the financial health and stability Legal and Regulatory = Compliance with laws and regulations Operational = Day-to-day activities and processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the insurance terms with their appropriate definition:

<p>Deductible = The amount the policyholder pays before insurance covers the rest Premium = The cost of the insurance coverage Policy Limit = The maximum amount the insurance company will pay Exclusion = Specific conditions or circumstances for which the policy will not provide coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of hard and soft insurance markets:

<p>Hard Market = Stricter Underwriting Standards, Reduced Capacity, Higher Premiums Soft Market = Easier Underwriting, Increased Capacity, Lower Premiums Competition (Hard) = Fewer Competitors Competition (Soft) = More Competitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following 'levels' of excess coverage with their descriptions:

<p>Government = Losses at 100% of nominal value, as in the case of national flood insurance Excess Layer = Shared between the Government and multiple external insurers Working Layer = The first amount of loss covered by commercial insurance if any Primary = Losses at 0% of nominal value</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the roles involved in insurance purchasing with their responsibility:

<p>Agent = Represents one or more insurance carriers Broker = Represents the purchaser (insured organization) Insurer = Financial firm who takes on the risk for a set price Underwriter = Analyzes risk and determines pricing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following insurance policy types to its description:

<p>Occurrence = Coverage for claims that occur during the policy, regardless of when the claim is filed. Claims-made = Coverage for a claim occurring AND reported while the policy is in effect. Retroactive = Used in concert with a claims-made policy Nose = Period of time between an insurer's retroactive date and the current policy period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the risk financing techniques with their description:

<p>Risk Retention = Organization retains financial responsibility for losses. Risk Transfer = Organization shifts financial responsibility to another party. Insurance = Transferring risk from financial loss to insurance company Non-Insurance = Hold harmless agreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match types of Risk Retention techniques:

<p>Current expensing of losses = Paying for incurred losses as they occur from normal operating funds. Unfunded loss reserve = An accounting entry that shows a potential liability. Funded loss reserve = Setting aside cash, securities, or other liquid assets in a designated fund. Borrowed funds = Using debt to cover losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the workers compensation to the financial benefit that the affected employee has :

<p>Workers' compensation = Health benefits Short term disability = benefits paid for six months or less Long term disability = benefits that paid six or greater months Medicare Coverage = Provides services for medical coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match following types of financial instruments listed to their definitions:

<p>Contract Bonds = Used for full amount of risk transferred Federal surety bonds = Required by the federal government License and permit bonds = Ensure operation adheres to requirements Public official bonds = Guarantee government officials perform to standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the words used to describe the purpose of having an insurance policy to its description:

<p>To Indemnify = To provide a compensation To hold Harmless = Not to be liable for the loss To Assure = For reassurance against the results To Guarantee = Assuring the party has proper coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following financial ratios to better make informed choice for best rates:

<p>Large organizations = Large organization with the strong market leadership can make wise choices for self funding or stop loss. Organizations with more risk transfer with loss control = Organization that is willing to take on less risk has better position to be a better risk selection. Smaller organizations with less experience = Require more third-party experts. Health systems with integrated medical leadership = Able to take better financial risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match up the following terms used for "Due Diligence", to avoid fraud and abuse claims:

<p>Hotline or grapevine = A method in which you receive internal or external communications about concerns. Collaborating relationships = A process in which leaders in the organization help to share risks across departments. Medical record requests = A audit to find the areas where errors occurred Standardized surveys and questionnaires = A method in which staff is expected to provide consistent feedback for management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms used in claims to their best suited description

<p>Review policy definitions(claims) = Understanding where the claim states that the results stem from.. Reporting Date (claims) = When can you file you claim per say what's acceptable within the policy contract.. The Date of loss (claims) = A policy with a coverage period during when when incidents happened Consult Insurance policies(claims) = Understanding where are you able understand your claims information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Combine the various steps where the losses can be determined to be managed and understood

<p>Identify the loss exposure (Step 1/3): = Can the organization loss revenue at each time. Analyze the loss exposure (Step 2/3): = The steps on how to mitigate the steps can be determined.. Look into the prevention of losses (Step 3/3): = A formal procedure in what to to stop a hazard from happening on property to their stakeholders,. Develop standard of duty (Step 3/3): = What needs to be done right to have everyone comply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Combine key components of reporting for high volume reporting where more is needed to track..

<p>Demographic information = What was the event described. Facility related information = Where was it exactly did it happen. challenges = Who did it happened to,. The process information = Written steps to help the team understand the steps in preventing it again</p> Signup and view all the answers

Couple financial risks, is important in understanding what is is coming..:?

<p>Cost of the risk: = Budget for each patient encounter.. The volume (losses): = what is estimated at every loss within the revenue. Reinsurance purchased by organizations: = how much is insurance responsible, for each claim.. The insurance purchased for organizations.: = how much each item should be within per dollar to dollar payout... .</p> Signup and view all the answers

Help choose a various reason in why your organization isn't successful

<p>Lack of the capacity to handle a situation: is common = when the people aren't strong enough.. Not best with for small organizational management:: = If we aren't able to follow it's steps to work. Not easy to find a suitable coverage with insurance.: = Not everyone is able to meet the needs to fit a criteria. If the renewal wasn't in order for the contracts: = then you're more likely have errors happen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its precise definition within the context of retrospective insurance rating:

<p>Incurred Losses = The total of paid losses and outstanding reserves directly attributable to the insured during the policy term, often inclusive of allocated loss adjustment expenses. Ultimate Net Loss = The total sum the insured is obligated to pay, encompassing paid losses, loss adjustment expenses, and potentially a component for incurred but not reported (IBNR) losses, subject to policy limits. Stabilization Factor = A numerical value used to modulate or limit the retrospective premium adjustment, mitigating extreme premium fluctuations due to unusually high or low loss experiences. Retrospective Premium = The final premium amount determined at the close of the retrospective rating period, calculated using a formula that considers the basic premium, converted losses, and the stabilization factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each risk financing technique with the appropriate characteristic:

<p>Self-Insurance = Optimal for organizations with predictive and stable loss histories, enabling assumption of risk and operational control. Captive Insurance = Offers bespoke coverage, risk management integration, and potential profit retention, but demands substantial capital and regulatory navigation. Large Deductible Programs = Transfers the bulk of risk while retaining a substantial first-dollar obligation, incentivizing rigorous loss control. Risk Retention Groups (RRGs) = Provides liability coverage for similar or related businesses, allowing member companies to manage shared liability exposure collectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the appropriate element with its correct description pertaining to insurance policy construction:

<p>Declarations Page = The section that delineates key policy components such as the named insured, policy duration, coverage limitations, and applicable deductibles. Insuring Agreement = The core contractual provision wherein the insurer pledges to indemnify the insured for covered losses subject to policy terms and conditions. Conditions = The stipulated duties and prerogatives vested in both the insured (e.g., notifications) and the insurer (e.g., subrogation) for proper policy administration. Exclusions = The explicit enumeration of risk categories (e.g., acts of war) or event types that are expressly outside of the policy’s protective aegis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its corresponding legal or regulatory context relevant to insurance operations:

<p>Admitted Insurer = An insurer sanctioned to operate within a specific jurisdiction, governed by that locale’s solvency standards and consumer protection statutes. Non-admitted Insurer = An insurer authorized to furnish coverage in a jurisdiction without being formally licensed there, typically for specialized or hard-to-place risks. Surplus Lines Market = A market designated for risks unable to procure coverage from admitted insurers, thereby accessing non-admitted carriers under stringent parameters. Reinsurance = A mechanism by which insurers transfer a segment of their risk to another insurer, enabling risk distribution and amplified underwriting capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the risk mitigation technique with its MOST accurate application within a healthcare setting:

<p>Risk Avoidance = Prohibiting a high-risk surgical procedure that, while potentially life-saving, presents an unacceptably high probability of severe, irreversible complications. Loss Prevention = Implementing rigorous protocols for medication reconciliation to minimize the incidence of adverse drug interactions and prescription errors. Risk Transfer = Securing medical professional liability insurance to deflect the economic repercussions of medical negligence claims. Loss Reduction = Deploying rapid-response teams skilled in cardiopulmonary resuscitation to diminish the morbidity associated with cardiac arrests in the inpatient unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Risk in healthcare

The probability that something unwanted or harmful will occur in healthcare.

Harm (defined)

Unintended physical injury that result from, and contributed to by medical care.

Risk Management as a Specialty

A quality that risk management has become in its own right due to the complex nature.

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)

A structure is holistic and discipline that addresses risk from all sources.

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ASHRM's ERM Definition

A detailed outline to create maximized value protection and connections to total value.

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Incident Defined

A process of tracing and learning from mistakes and hazards.

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Risk Avoidance Philosophy

To minimize financial loss with: patients, visitors, healthcare providers and staff.

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ERM as Decision-Making

Identify and analyze, evaluate alternatives, select best technique, implement, and monitor.

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Loss Frequency

How likely is a loss to occur?

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Loss Severity

How serious will a certain loss have on the company's finances?

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Loss Prevention

Techniques for losses from happening at all. Ex: Training

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Loss Reduction

Techniques for lessen the impact of a loss. Ex: Fire Supression

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Risk Transfer

Transfer the financial burden of risk to a third party, like insurance.

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Risk Retention

Retain or keep risk to be ready to take responsibility.

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Risk Financing Techniques

Insurance, Non-insurance, and Commercial Insurance.

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Techniques of Risk control

Avoidance, prevention, reduction, segregation and transfer.

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Risk reduction techniques

Making the event happening less likely, and managing the impact if it happens.

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Risk Retention

When the company takes responsibility of anything that goes wrong in house.

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Risk Transfer

When responsibility of risk is in the hands of a third party

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Unfunded loss reserve

An entry to segregate a portion of surplus equal to booked of retained loss.

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Funded loss reserve

Organization sets aside cash or other liquids to absorb cost of defending claims.

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Borrowed Funds

An organization asks to loan money to have at the ready to deal with a situation.

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Self insurance fund

Has a contract with the company to come in and pay out if they can't.

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Afiliated, Captive Insurer

Insurance which specifies a special type of losses or insurers.

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Basics of Risk Financing

Generating funds that risk control techniques do not.

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Insurance

To pay for any losses and expenses that come from an incident.

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Professional Liability

Looking at claims from a professional perspective.

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General Liability

Does not have to do with professionals, just general goings on

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Insurance policy coverage

A. transfer.

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Job of an underwriter

A. Select the risks to insure

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Actuary and use

Helps with the use of money and the possibility of an incident occurring.

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Coordination of Benefits

Gaps in amount of total care that has been provided.

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Actuary Reporting

Data to look at to use for future claims

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IBNR

For unexpected issues or situations in future claims.

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Stop loss use

Does not allow coverage in future situations due to the limit is used.

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Request for proposals

Details of what needs to happen for services.

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Retrospective Rating

Review history, and use data to have more coverage or stay in the market.

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Actual cash value

Assets can be defined due to fair market value.

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HMO

In the health sphere, a company in between.

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Hard and soft markets

It is cnaracterized by periods of time noted as hard and soft markets. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

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Actuary

Analyze financial data.

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Claims adjuster and analysis

Review all documentation and put a plan together.

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Retro rate

What goes into effect at a previous date.

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Underwriters

Has different options to choose from.

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B -What the market works with

It occurs when their is the ability to set more to the side and more time to use.

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Business Interruption

There is a great degree about the current state of business.

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Directors and officers liability

There will be and influx and outflux.

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1970s Medical Liability

Medical professional liability cases in the 1970s led to insurance companies advising on controlling financial and emotional costs.

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Medical Error

A situation where losses (or harm) result from a failure to apply an action.

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Adverse Patient Occurrence (APO)

Any unwanted patient occurrence or adverse event.

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Objective With Risk Financing

Techniques used to pay for losses that cannot avoided by other means.

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Insurance Contracts

Contracts between two parties to provide coverage in exchange for monetary compensation.

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Occurrence Coverage

A claim should occur because of the set policy for the specific patient is set.

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Tail Coverage

After the policy has occurred or has passed in the wrongful action, the action did not give rise.

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History of Medical Liability

Medical professional liability was a key issue, causing increased premiums, insurer exits, and physician challenges.

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Risk Management Process

The goal to make and follow through on those ideas to make the adverse event of accidental losses minimized.

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Negative Impacts in Healthcare

Unexpected, untoward event that has a harmful affect on the person receiving care.

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Risk Ranking Methodology

A process where the the serious, medium and non risks to be investigated.

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Changing from Learning to Thinking

Switching from learning only for yourself to thinking as team and group to resolve.

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Hold Harmless Agreements

A technique that has a party to a contact to hold the receiver harmless from legal action covered in the contract agreements.

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To understand risk

Type of loss where value loss, cause, what is expected from loss and using to result to

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When the process has the board

It occurs on those that have one or more contracts or has an expectation of being there

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Risk Control -insurance

A system to better understand what occurs to pay with a specific time to be set with an amount.

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Claims -How those policies work

With the correct paperwork a claim is said and made as well depending on the

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Define: Policy Limit

The amount beyond which policy will no longer pay. May not be enough to make whole.

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Define: Risk Management

Holistic and integrated identification and management practices to safeguard from potential losses.

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Describe: Traditional Risk

Philosophy limiting the focus more to financial losses with patients, visitors, and healthcare providers.

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Importance: Risk Ranking

Methodically assess the probability and severity, and make better data-informed decisions.

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What is; RRG

A state-licensed firm that insures all business ventures and government agencies against liability risks.

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What is: Risk Financing

A way in helping the company pay for losses in the best means and affordable.

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What is; 3rd Party Risk

For protection of a loss to be transferred over to a third party to deal with the payment.

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Enterprise Risk Management

A business plan to help give more to what will be the company focus.

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What is Current expensing of losses

Involves unplanned payments and is appropriate for small losses in occurrence.

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Market

When in a process it goes straight forward and easy to follow.

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Conceptual

Looking at all resources and giving every detail of what is needed and planned to review.

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What is Financial strength and size

Having a strong source of money and what can be used for future claims or needs.

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What is the use of Service Contracts?

Where there are more policies and better choices from having experience.

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What is trends

To review where losses occur at and see the best outcome to use with the review team.

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What is ; IBNR

How we know what occurs for the future is going to come about in losses.

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The ability to know all aspects:

Need to know what exactly to look for to make the correct claim and outcome as the insurance company.

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What is that action on the insurance?

To have this on all actions that occur to show what was the action and what is available to be done.

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Policy effective:

Looking a head on the amount and use to pay for future aspects set to the new policy.

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The process for review:

To know the steps for a proper turn around and make all actions as appropriate.

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Creating all steps will better the future.

To create an effect policy and use all possible things to look for in future use.

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Help by having an actuary :

Helps with what is used for the time and knowing how there must be that process on action to result.

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As an under writer.

In the works of knowing if a policy will have an outcome and will there be a success plan to come about.

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What does an underwriter report

The amount set into a file and be free to use for steps on going due to an action reported.

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All can not be covered

Not to be covered for action or has a cap on the future payout from a review.

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Objective with an underwriter on a great plan.

To limit the damage and have an issue under hold at a great point due to the lower issues coming to use.

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To review all that is from each part

To cover all that is known and do not miss those pieces that can be an issues.

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To deal with all parties and what has an end result in the current plan.

It’s best when dealing with an easy policy and all actions and not hard or specific.

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To use more at hand or the less to follow and show.

More action and control can take course in the current rate.

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Insurance Regulation

Managing risks within policies and legal regulation requirements.

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Medical professional liability

The financial responsibility for damages to others that one is legally obligated to pay.

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Diminishing Emotional Costs

Diminishing the emotional trauma experienced by those impacted by an unwanted event.

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Harm

A patient incident leading to the need for more care.

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Occurrence Screening

A system that utilizes patient occurrences to asses the clear records of patients.

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Evolution of health care risk management

Knowing the past issues in the company

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We need change from

What occurs from a long wait in the the system for results/feedback.

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The start of process making

Process of making a decision and minimize losses

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History Risk Management

The history of past liabilities in medical facilities.

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Corrective action plan

Utilized to assist in preventing further issues.

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System Analysis

Is for review of what can happen on certain action

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Strict risk avoidance

Philosophy focused on preventing losses with insurance.

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Reasons for changing

Pressure from regulations, transparency, reputation, and new care models.

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Areas for Change

From an insular focus to continuous learning and broader views.

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Potential Loss

This risk is mainly to minimize the value.

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Calculations for Step Loss

A diagram to use to better understand if an action should happen.

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Implementation of action

The process of deciding and doing ideas that reduce issues.

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Exposure Through

Method of handling exposures that will not pay for more from the contract.

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Department Action

To be aware of what each department is in to make it work.

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Step One

Problems or possible issues that are from a loss.

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Data system

A well maintained data set can keep the system to running smoothly.

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Risk Ranking

A means of prioritizing risks by multiplying impact & likelihood scores.

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Retrospective analysis

An actuarial method for reviewing past data and deciding appropriate coverage.

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Occurrence-based Coverage

Policy insuring occurrences whether or not the claim is filed while the policy term.

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Risk identification

How likely a loss is to occur multiplied by the seriousness of the loss.

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Risk Financing Techniques Goal

Methods to protect an organization from negative claim outcomes through financial means.

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Study Notes

Risk Management and Regulation

  • Risk management processes and insurance regulation.
  • Dr. Sahar Khalil Alhajrassi is a Consultant in prosthodontics, SB-Prosth, and a practitioner with CPHQ, CPHRM, EFQM, HMP mini-MBA, strategic planning, and KPI experience

Outline

  • History of Risk Management
  • Definition of ASHRM's ERM (Enterprise Risk Management).
  • TRM contrasted with ERM.
  • ERM as a decision-making process.
  • Structure of the risk management process.
  • Incident Reporting process
  • Risk Ranking Process.
  • Risk Financing Techniques are transfer or retention.
  • Insurance contract and process.
  • Types and regulation of insurance coverage

History

  • Medical professional liability
  • Rise in insurance premiums
  • Exit of several major medical professional liability insurers.
  • Physician at high-risk area
  • The 1970s saw the emergence of medical-legal issues and a need to control financial costs.
  • It was advised to diminish the emotional costs to families, society, physicians, and insurance companies

Risk Management: Definitions

  • Risk in healthcare is the probability that something undesirable will occur.
  • Harm is defined as an unintended physical injury from medical care needing monitoring, treatment, hospitalization, or that causes death.
  • An adverse patient occurrence (APO) or adverse event.
  • Is an unexpected, untoward event with actual or potential negative impact on a patient or person
  • "Errors" is the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended.
  • Potential Compensable Event or PCE refers to an APO possibly leading to a law suit

Risk Management Process

  • Risk management involves making and implementing decisions to minimize adverse effects from accidental losses
  • it is a process to prevent negative consequences and minimize adverse effects of accidental losses on an organization, and has evolved over time.
  • Evolution of health care risk management, historically involved a goal to protect financial resources and reputation.
  • Paper occurrence forms are required for reporting.
  • Previously kept confidential with training offered
  • Work on corrective action involves a department.
  • Previously assumed action corrected problems, and patient was kept uninformed

Traditional Risk Management

  • It is a strict risk avoidance philosophy more limited in focus, reflecting insurance risk.
  • Primarily aims to prevent potential financial loss related to patients, visitors, volunteers, healthcare professionals, and staff as secondary loss avoidance.

Reasons for Change in Risk Management

  • Regulatory pressure.
  • Transparency.
  • Reputation.
  • Fraud and abuse
  • New healthcare model.
  • Social media

Shifts Needed in Risk Management

  • From Learning to Thinking.
  • Following to Leading.
  • Local to Global.
  • Closed to Open.
  • Autonomy to Teamwork.
  • Opinion to Consensus.
  • Provider center to patient center.
  • Departmental to organization. wide

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)

  • A holistic, disciplined approach to addressing risk from all sources within the organization.
  • Designed to avert threats to strategic goals/objectives and sustain an organization's ability to create value

ASHRM's ERM Definition

  • Comprehensive framework for making risk management decisions.
  • Maximize value protection/creation through managing risk/uncertainty.
  • Promotes total value via connections.
  • exclusive speculative vs. pure risk

ERM Implementation

  • A business decision-making process supported by Healthcare Organization boards, Executive management, and Medical staff leadership.
  • Achieved by recognizing the synergistic effect of risk across a continuum of care

Risk Categories for ERM

  • Strategic
  • Financial
  • Legal and Regulatory
  • Operational
  • Human Capital
  • Technology
  • Hazard

ERM Goals

  • Reduce uncertainty and process variability.
  • Promote patient safety.
  • Maximize return on investment through asset preservation
  • Recognize actionable risk opportunities

TRM vs ERM: Contrasting Traditional and Enterprise Risk Management

  • Focus: TRM is Reactive, ERM is Proactive.
  • Outcome: TRM involves Asset preservation, ERM involves value creation.
  • Breadth/Depth: TRM uses Departmental/silos, ERM is Organizational-wide.
  • Activities: TRM applies Risk mitigation, and ERM focuses on Risk prevention.
  • Engagement TRM involves Board/C-Suite, ERM involves Clinician/staff.

ERM as a Decision-Making Process Steps

  • Identify & analyze.
  • Evaluate alternatives
  • Implement Chosen technique
  • Select best technique
  • Monitor, change, learn

Structure of the Risk Management Process

  • Key steps include risk identification, evaluation, and control.
  • Helps to use strategies for financing Risks

Step 1: Risk Identification

  • Involves identifying problems that may affect value
  • Also consider potential cause of loss and consequence of loss
  • A result of the data, we use differing methods to prevent loss.
  • Involves classifying exposure i,.e property, net income, etc.

Systems for Risk Identification: Informal vs. Formal

  • Informal Systems: Claims data, medical record requests, patient complaints, surveys, personal inspections, committee minutes, regulatory reports, recall notices, experts, hotlines, collaborative relationships.
  • Formal Systems: Incident reporting, occurrence reporting/screening, sentinel event tracking, failure mode analysis, device reporting, security reports, QI reviews, peer review, root cause analysis, never events tracking.

Incident Reporting

  • Definition: Any event inconsistent with routine patient care or normal operations
  • A health care risk management program's cornerstone.
  • Should be objective, coded, analyzed, trended, and confidential to prevent discovery
  • Include: need to know management, demographics, facility and challenge to written policies

Occurrence Reporting and Screening

  • Occurrence: An unexpected medical intervention, intensity of care, or healthcare impairment
  • A clear guideline and specific examples are provided to report staff
  • Occurrence screening involves a clearly defined list used to screen these events
  • Screeners check for deviations from policy & are used in High-risk areas

Risk Ranking Process

  • Provides a way to prioritize risk based on assessments of Impact/Likelihood.
  • Used to identify risk on a Risk Map
  • Assign a rating by multiplying against the Likelihood Assessment and the Impact
  • Rankings are very high, high, medium and low.

Risk Assessment Scales: Likelihood

  • Descriptors of likely Risk rating:
    • 5 = Almost Certain/Already Occurring, Expected to Occur Daily/weekly.
    • 4 = Likely, Expected to Occur Annually.
    • 3 = Potential, Expected to Occur Every 2 –5 years.
    • 2 = Unlikely, Expected to Occur Every 5 –20 years.
    • 1 = Rare, Not expected that occur.

Risk Financing Techniques: Step 2

  • Selection & Implementation of Alternative Risk Treatments involves:
    • Risk Control: Stopping losses from occurring or lessening severity.
    • Risk Financing: Paying for losses that do occur

Broad Strategies for Managing Risk Financing

  • All ways of generating funds to pay for losses that risk control techniques do not entirely prevent.
  • Designed to obtain funds, at the least possible cost, to restore losses that strike the organization and assure post-loss financial resource availability.
  • Control prevents loss or reduces, managers finances

Key Risk Indicators

  • A risk control will prevent losses before occurring

Managing Finances

  • Manages Finances after a loss has happened

Risk Control Techniques

  • Risk Avoidance: Never undertaking risk.
  • Loss Prevention: Reduces losses by lowering frequency.
  • Loss Reduction: Decrease the losses severity.
  • Segregation: Separation or duplication of loss exposure
  • Contractual: Includes Non-Insurance transfer and states as stated

Steps of Risk Management

    1. Risk Identification
  • Analyze, select an alternative, implement and prevent consequences
    • 2: Incident reports are the cornerstone of a health care risk management program
  • Risk assessment scale ratings include Financial, Patient Safety, Operational, Reputational and Legal/Regulatory measurements
  • -Financial: Results in <20 days cash on hand, liability >$250000, investigation/loss Business
  • -Financial example includes:
    • Cash: Results in <20 days cash on hand.
    • Property damage: >$250,000.
    • Key contract loss
    • Loss of business
  • -Patient Safety: Death, child abduction & suicide
  • Patient Safety example includes: Death/permanent disability Event: Suicide/rape/child abduction Substantiated boundary or code of conduct incident Major or critical health incident Non-compliance with Standard of Care
  • Operational: Workplace Safety, significant labor, multiple lost of time, large breach
    •  Significant labor relations event
        Workplace safety: multiple lost time injuries/recordable incidents
        PHI/PI Breach: >100
      
  • Reputational: Impairment, Market share, sustained negative.
    •   Significant brand impairment; loss of significant market share
      Sustained, negative media coverage
      
      Customer satisfaction: <85%
  • Legal: Loss Licence, Investigation.
    •      - Loss of license, State/Federal investigation
      
  • Claims examiners review claims and ensure they are followed, may assist adjusters

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