Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'GRC' primarily encompass?
What does the term 'GRC' primarily encompass?
- General reporting and control
- Governance, Risk, and Compliance (correct)
- Growth, revenue, and capital
- Governmental regulations, resource allocation, and corporate strategies
In the context of risk management, what does the term 'vulnerability' refer to?
In the context of risk management, what does the term 'vulnerability' refer to?
- The likelihood of a threat exploiting a weakness
- The potential negative impact of a realized threat
- A weakness that an attacker can exploit to cause harm (correct)
- The strategies to mitigate potential risks
Which of the following best describes a 'threat' in the context of risk?
Which of the following best describes a 'threat' in the context of risk?
- The level of acceptable risk
- A deliberate attempt to damage or disrupt a system (correct)
- A weakness that could be exploited to breach a system
- The potential harm resulting from a realized vulnerability
What does a 'risk classification system' primarily facilitate?
What does a 'risk classification system' primarily facilitate?
What was a primary challenge that the ABC Bank of India faced regarding risk management?
What was a primary challenge that the ABC Bank of India faced regarding risk management?
In the context of GRC, what is 'compliance' primarily focused on?
In the context of GRC, what is 'compliance' primarily focused on?
According to the provided chapter overview, what is directly linked to the concept of 'assets?'
According to the provided chapter overview, what is directly linked to the concept of 'assets?'
What does the framework suggest about managing risk?
What does the framework suggest about managing risk?
What is the primary distinguishing factor between a computer virus and a worm?
What is the primary distinguishing factor between a computer virus and a worm?
Which malware type disguises itself as a legitimate application to trick users into launching and executing malicious code?
Which malware type disguises itself as a legitimate application to trick users into launching and executing malicious code?
A rootkit's existence is primarily characterised by its capability to do what?
A rootkit's existence is primarily characterised by its capability to do what?
How does a computer virus typically spread?
How does a computer virus typically spread?
If a malicious program replicates itself across a network without any user intervention, which category of malware is most likely to be the culprit?
If a malicious program replicates itself across a network without any user intervention, which category of malware is most likely to be the culprit?
What is the chief purpose of a Trojan Horse?
What is the chief purpose of a Trojan Horse?
What is the primary risk if a rootkit is installed on a computer?
What is the primary risk if a rootkit is installed on a computer?
Which malware type can embed malicious code inside the boot instructions of a computer?
Which malware type can embed malicious code inside the boot instructions of a computer?
What is the primary purpose of implementing a risk management process within a company?
What is the primary purpose of implementing a risk management process within a company?
Why might a company not implement controls to counter every identified risk?
Why might a company not implement controls to counter every identified risk?
In the context of risk management, what does 'risk transference' involve?
In the context of risk management, what does 'risk transference' involve?
How does outsourcing IT infrastructure management serve as a risk mitigation strategy?
How does outsourcing IT infrastructure management serve as a risk mitigation strategy?
What should be the primary consideration when determining the implementation of a risk control?
What should be the primary consideration when determining the implementation of a risk control?
After risk appetite has been defined and risk exposure identified, what key step follows in the risk management process?
After risk appetite has been defined and risk exposure identified, what key step follows in the risk management process?
Which of the following best describes the '4 T's' of risk management?
Which of the following best describes the '4 T's' of risk management?
How can risk insights aid an organization's strategic position?
How can risk insights aid an organization's strategic position?
Which scenario best illustrates the relationship between a threat, vulnerability and risk?
Which scenario best illustrates the relationship between a threat, vulnerability and risk?
In the context of cybersecurity, what best represents the concept of a vulnerability?
In the context of cybersecurity, what best represents the concept of a vulnerability?
Consider a port on a server being flooded with traffic. Which statement best describes how the impact of such an attack can be assessed?
Consider a port on a server being flooded with traffic. Which statement best describes how the impact of such an attack can be assessed?
Which of the following best demonstrates a proactive measure to reduce risk associated with a potential cybersecurity threat?
Which of the following best demonstrates a proactive measure to reduce risk associated with a potential cybersecurity threat?
How is the risk of a negative event best defined in the context of the document?
How is the risk of a negative event best defined in the context of the document?
In the given model of risk, what does 'threat' primarily represent?
In the given model of risk, what does 'threat' primarily represent?
Which of these statements about threats is most accurate?
Which of these statements about threats is most accurate?
Given the document, what does it suggest is the primary method for decreasing the risk of a cybersecurity attack?
Given the document, what does it suggest is the primary method for decreasing the risk of a cybersecurity attack?
Which component of ERM focuses on the standards, processes, and structures that underpin internal control across an organization?
Which component of ERM focuses on the standards, processes, and structures that underpin internal control across an organization?
What is the primary role of the Board of Directors and Senior Management in the context of the Control Environment?
What is the primary role of the Board of Directors and Senior Management in the context of the Control Environment?
Which element is NOT typically considered a part of the Control Environment?
Which element is NOT typically considered a part of the Control Environment?
What impact does the Control Environment have on the overall system of internal control?
What impact does the Control Environment have on the overall system of internal control?
In the context of Risk Assessment, what is the definition of 'risk'?
In the context of Risk Assessment, what is the definition of 'risk'?
What is the relationship between Risk Assessment and the management of risk?
What is the relationship between Risk Assessment and the management of risk?
What is a precondition to effective Risk Assessment for an organization?
What is a precondition to effective Risk Assessment for an organization?
Management specifies objectives within which categories for the purposes of identifying risks?
Management specifies objectives within which categories for the purposes of identifying risks?
What is the primary purpose of risk assessment in the context of internal control?
What is the primary purpose of risk assessment in the context of internal control?
What aspect of control activities is highlighted in managing risks associated with business processes?
What aspect of control activities is highlighted in managing risks associated with business processes?
Which of the following best describes control activities?
Which of the following best describes control activities?
In terms of risk assessment, identifying threats and vulnerabilities is crucial for understanding what?
In terms of risk assessment, identifying threats and vulnerabilities is crucial for understanding what?
What role does technology play in enhancing business performance according to the content?
What role does technology play in enhancing business performance according to the content?
Which type of checks do control activities encompass?
Which type of checks do control activities encompass?
What is a key consideration for organizations regarding the mitigation of risks?
What is a key consideration for organizations regarding the mitigation of risks?
Why is information considered essential for internal control responsibilities?
Why is information considered essential for internal control responsibilities?
Flashcards
Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC)
Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC)
A framework ensuring organizations meet regulations while managing risks effectively.
Risk Classification Systems
Risk Classification Systems
Systems used to categorize risks based on their characteristics and impacts.
Types of Risk
Types of Risk
Various risk categories such as operational, credit, market, and compliance risks.
Risk Mitigation Strategies
Risk Mitigation Strategies
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Malicious Attacks
Malicious Attacks
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Malicious Software (Malware)
Malicious Software (Malware)
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Countermeasures
Countermeasures
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Real-time Risk Intelligence
Real-time Risk Intelligence
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DoS Attack
DoS Attack
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Risk
Risk
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Threat
Threat
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Vulnerability
Vulnerability
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Impact
Impact
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Risk Equation
Risk Equation
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Treating Vulnerabilities
Treating Vulnerabilities
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Hurricane Analogy
Hurricane Analogy
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Risk Management Process
Risk Management Process
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Risk Appetite
Risk Appetite
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4T's of Risk Management
4T's of Risk Management
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Transfer/Share Risk
Transfer/Share Risk
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Cost-Benefit of Controls
Cost-Benefit of Controls
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Risk Exposure
Risk Exposure
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Mitigation Actions
Mitigation Actions
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Strategic Advantage of Risks
Strategic Advantage of Risks
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Computer Virus
Computer Virus
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Virus Transmission Methods
Virus Transmission Methods
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Host Program
Host Program
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Worm
Worm
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Worm Purpose
Worm Purpose
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Trojan Horse
Trojan Horse
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Trojan Actions
Trojan Actions
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Rootkit
Rootkit
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Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
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Threat Identification
Threat Identification
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Control Activities
Control Activities
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Preventive Control
Preventive Control
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Detective Control
Detective Control
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Information for Internal Control
Information for Internal Control
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Administrative Controls
Administrative Controls
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Control Environment
Control Environment
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Internal Control
Internal Control
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Board of Directors
Board of Directors
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Objectives
Objectives
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Compliance
Compliance
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Monitoring Activities
Monitoring Activities
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Study Notes
Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) Framework
- GRC is an organizational strategy for managing governance, risk management, and compliance with industry and government regulations
- GRC provides a structured approach to aligning IT with business objectives
- GRC helps companies effectively manage IT and security risks, reduce costs, and improve decision-making and performance
- Governance is setting direction (strategy and policy), monitoring performance and controls, and evaluating outcomes
- Risk is an event that could possibly cause harm
- Compliance is ensuring that appropriate guidelines and consistent accounting practices are followed
Chapter Overview
- ABC Bank of India is a bank with a board of directors and deputy governors.
- Risk Management at ABC Bank was manual and siloed, leading to inconsistencies
- Internal audit at ABC Bank was non-standard and used multiple spreadsheets
- Compliance management at ABC Bank was manual.
GRC Processes
- Document processes and risks
- Define and document controls
- Assess effectiveness of controls
- Disclosure and certification of compliance processes
- Remediate issues
Risk Fundamentals
- Assets are things of value to the organization
- Assets have characteristics like being valuable, hard to replace, and part of the organization's identity
- Customer data (e.g., name, address, phone, Aadhaar number) and protected health care information are examples
Levels of Risk
- Inherent risk is the level of risk before any actions have been taken
- Current/Residual risk is the level of risk after control measures have been put in place
- Target risk is the desired level of risk
Types of Risks
- Compliance risks - risks to fines and penalties from regulatory agencies
- Hazard (or Pure) Risks - risk of harm or potentially undermining objectives
- Control (or Uncertainty) Risks - risk associated with unknown and unexpected events
- Opportunity (or Speculative) Risks - risks with and without action
Malicious Attacks
- Active attacks modify or replace programs to conceal, hide, or spread, or to gain control
- examples: Brute-force Password Attacks, Dictionary Password Attacks
- examples: IP Address Spoofing, Masquerading, Phishing
- Passive attacks monitor transmissions, such as eavesdropping
- examples: Hijacking Session Hijacking, Replay Attacks
- examples: Eavesdropping, Phreaking, Pharming
Malicious Software
- Malware is software used to damage, disrupt, or steal data
- examples: Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses, Rootkits, Spyware
Countermeasures
- A countermeasure is an action, device, procedure or technique to prevent, avert or reduce possible threats to computer systems
- Examples include anti-virus software and firewalls.
Internal Controls
- Internal controls are the policies and procedures to ensure the reliability of internal and external financial reporting, compliance with laws and regulations, and safeguarding of assets.
- Internal controls have five components
- The control environment, ensures the tone at the top
- Risk Assessment
- Control Activities
- Information & Communication
- Monitoring Activities
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