Questions and Answers
Which factor is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage in pregnant women?
Smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day
What is a common cause of abortion related to maternal factors?
Incompetent cervix
Which of the following is considered a risk factor for miscarriage in older women?
Previous miscarriage
What maternal condition might result in an increased risk of abortion?
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What type of trauma can increase the risk of miscarriage?
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Which substance should pregnant women avoid to reduce the risk of miscarriage according to the text?
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What disease can increase the risk of abortion?
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Which condition can interfere with the embedding, development, and nutrition of the ovum?
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Study Notes
Risk Factors of Miscarriage or Abortion
- Older women are more likely to have a miscarriage than younger women.
- Having a previous miscarriage increases the risk for a future miscarriage.
- Smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day increases the risk of miscarriage.
- Consuming any amount of alcohol during pregnancy is not known to be safe.
- Developing a fever of 37.5ºC or more during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.
- Trauma to the uterus can increase the risk of miscarriage.
- Ingesting caffeine, especially in large amounts, increases the risk of miscarriage.
Causes of Abortion
Fetal Causes
- Chromosomal anomalies
- Diseases of the fertilized ovum
- Hypoxia
Maternal Causes
- General conditions:
- Infections such as influenza and malaria
- Chronic diseases like chronic nephritis
- Drug intake during pregnancy
- Rh and ABO incompatibility
- Local conditions:
- Conditions that interfere with ovum embedding, development, and nutrition
- Implantation of the ovum in the lower uterine segment
- Incompetent cervix
- Uterine malformation
- Trauma (e.g., criminal interference, accident, violent exercise, uterine stimulation)
- Endocrine dysfunction
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