Gr 12 History Ch 4.2 SUM: CIVIL RESISTANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA 1970S TO 1980S CHALLENGES TO APARTHEID (BCM)

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What was a turning point in South African history that led to the banning of the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)?

Defiance Campaign

Soweto Uprising

Sharpeville Massacre (correct)

Bloemfontein Conference

What was a consequence of the government's intensified repressive measures against opposition in the years following Sharpeville?

Increased black political participation

The formation of multiracial organizations

International condemnation of apartheid

A state of political apathy and fear among the black population (correct)

Why were many black activists disillusioned with organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

They focused on non-violent resistance

They were ineffective in challenging the apartheid system (correct)

They were led by white people

They were too radical

What highlighted the limitations and contradictions of organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

Incidents at NUSAS and UCM conferences Signup and view all the answers

What did the Black Consciousness Movement seek to do among black South Africans?

Invigorate a new sense of agency Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the banning of the ANC and the PAC?

A significant vacuum in black political leadership and activism Signup and view all the answers

What did Steve Biko and other black activists become disillusioned with?

Multiracial organizations such as NUSAS and UCM Signup and view all the answers

What was a key reason for the rise of the Black Consciousness Movement?

A confluence of social, political, and ideological factors Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO)?

To foster a sense of identity, unity, and self-awareness among black students Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Viva Frelimo' rallies in 1974?

They celebrated the independence of Mozambique from Portuguese colonial rule Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of the apartheid government to the growing influence of the Black Consciousness movement?

They arrested BC leaders and put them on trial Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Black Peoples Convention (BPC)?

To unify various segments of the black community under the banner of Black Consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the trials of Black Consciousness leaders?

The trials drew international attention to the struggles within South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on political organization and mobilization in South Africa?

It influenced the ideological underpinnings of the struggle against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of SASO's activities?

Tertiary education institutions Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Direct Action and Civil Disobedience' tactic used by the Black Consciousness movement?

It maintained momentum in the anti-apartheid struggle during periods when other liberation movements were banned or driven underground Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate goal of the Black Consciousness movement?

To challenge apartheid laws and policies through direct action and civil disobedience Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Viva Frelimo rallies in 1974?

They proceeded despite government bans, demonstrating the growing boldness and influence of the BC movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa?

Psychological liberation and forging a positive black identity Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Black Consciousness movement's cultural and psychological emancipation?

To combat feelings of inferiority and rebuild confidence among black people Signup and view all the answers

Who was the pioneer of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa?

Steve Biko Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on the anti-apartheid struggle?

It reinvigorated the struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness movement's influence on art, literature, and education?

It reshaped the discourse around black identity and resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Consciousness movement's self-realization and awareness?

To awaken black people to the systemic injustices of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the Black Consciousness movement's stance on self-reliance?

It promoted self-reliance and empowerment Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of education under the Black Consciousness movement?

To educate black people about their rights and potential Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Black Consciousness movement's community development and self-help projects?

Fostering economic independence and community cohesion Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate goal of the Black Consciousness movement?

To challenge and dismantle apartheid structures Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1973 strikes in Durban?

A turning point in the labor movement, demonstrating the influence of Black Consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Soweto Uprising in 1976?

A broader awareness of the interconnectedness of struggles across different sectors Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

Addressing the specific needs and challenges faced by black workers Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness Movement on labor movements in South Africa?

A significant shift in the nature and dynamics of trade unionism and worker activism Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Community Programmes (BCP)?

To foster self-reliance and uplift black communities through social, educational, and health services Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Black Community Programmes (BCP)?

Steve Biko Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Durban Moment?

An early indication of the influence of Black Consciousness on labor movements Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

A more cohesive and politically conscious labor movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness Movement on trade unionism in South Africa?

The emergence of more politically conscious and active trade unions Signup and view all the answers

What was the legacy of the labor movements sparked by the Black Consciousness Movement?

A lasting impact on labor movements in South Africa, contributing to the eventual downfall of the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was the global reaction to Biko's death?

Outrage and widespread condemnation Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Biko's death on the anti-apartheid movement?

It galvanized the movement and spurred greater international activism Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the inquest into Biko's death?

The inquest exposed the cruel treatment of political detainees Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of Biko's death on the apartheid government's international standing?

It significantly damaged the government's reputation Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the legal and political repercussions of Biko's death?

The apartheid government's detention policies were widely condemned Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the community-focused programs established by Steve Biko following his banishment to King William's Town?

Empowering black South Africans and providing them with tools to improve their quality of life independently of the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the most impactful community health initiatives established by Steve Biko?

The Solempilo Community Health Centre Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Zimele Trust Fund?

Supporting political prisoners and their families and facilitating employment opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Ithuseng Community Health Programme?

Women's empowerment through health education and economic initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Winter School Project?

Helping students from disadvantaged backgrounds improve their academic performance Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Community Programmes?

They served as a model for community empowerment that could be replicated in other marginalized communities Signup and view all the answers

What was the catalyst for the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

The decision to enforce Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in schools Signup and view all the answers

What did the Black Community Programmes seek to revive and nurture?

Cultural, political, and literary activities among the black population Signup and view all the answers

What has been the sustained influence of the Black Community Programmes?

The development of community-driven initiatives in addressing social and economic issues in post-apartheid South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the location of the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

Soweto, a township near Johannesburg Signup and view all the answers

What influenced many students and young people in Soweto and other parts of South Africa?

The teachings of Black Consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate trigger for the Soweto uprising?

The language policy Signup and view all the answers

How did the government respond to the Soweto uprising?

By increasing repressive tactics Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Soweto uprising for many young South Africans?

They joined the ANC and PAC in exile Signup and view all the answers

What did the government pass in response to the Soweto uprising?

Repressive laws and banned organizations Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of June 16, 1976?

It marked the Soweto uprising Signup and view all the answers

What was Steve Biko's fate?

He died in police custody Signup and view all the answers

What was the official government response to Steve Biko's death?

They claimed he died due to a hunger strike Signup and view all the answers

What was the actual cause of Steve Biko's death?

Brain damage from beatings Signup and view all the answers

What is the legacy of the 1976 Soweto uprising?

It inspired movements for oppression worldwide Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960 for black political leadership in South Africa?

The restriction of anti-apartheid organizations' ability to operate within the country Signup and view all the answers

Why did many black activists, including Steve Biko, become disillusioned with multiracial organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

They were ineffective in challenging the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the intensified government repression in the years following Sharpeville?

A state of political apathy and fear among the black population Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor that contributed to the emergence of the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa?

The political vacuum and repression following Sharpeville Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary limitation of multiracial organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

They were ineffective in challenging the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the incidents at NUSAS and UCM conferences?

They underscored the need for a distinct black-led movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Black Consciousness Movement?

To invigorate a new sense of agency among black South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the government's repressive measures against opposition in the years following Sharpeville?

The arrest, banishment, and harassment of political leaders Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO)?

To foster a sense of identity, unity, and self-awareness among black students Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Viva Frelimo' rallies in 1974?

To highlight the link between the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and the broader anti-colonial movements in Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of the apartheid government to the growing influence of the Black Consciousness movement?

To ban the movement and arrest its leaders Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Black Peoples Convention (BPC)?

To unify various segments of the black community under the banner of Black Consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the activities of SASO?

Tertiary education institutions for black students Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the formation of SASO?

It demonstrated the breakaway from NUSAS and the perceived inability to effectively address the needs and issues of black students Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the trials of Black Consciousness leaders?

The leaders were convicted and imprisoned Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on political organization and mobilization in South Africa?

It led to the establishment of several pivotal organizations that played key roles in mobilizing black South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Direct Action and Civil Disobedience' tactic used by the Black Consciousness movement?

It was crucial in maintaining momentum in the anti-apartheid struggle, especially during periods when other liberation movements were banned or driven underground Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Black Consciousness movement?

To challenge apartheid laws and policies and to promote black self-awareness and self-reliance Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Community Programmes established by Steve Biko?

Education and health initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Zimele Trust Fund?

To facilitate employment opportunities for those marginalized by the apartheid regime Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Ithuseng Community Health Programme?

To empower women through health education and economic initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Winter School Project?

To provide education to students preparing for crucial examinations Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Community Programmes?

They were a model for community empowerment that could be replicated in other marginalized communities Signup and view all the answers

What was the catalyst for the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

The enforcement of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in schools Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

It was a pivotal event in the history of South Africa and a crucial moment in the anti-apartheid struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Consciousness Movement's cultural and psychological emancipation?

To instill pride in black identity and challenge feelings of inferiority Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the community health initiatives established by Steve Biko?

Accessible, community-driven health care Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Consciousness Movement's ideology?

It extended beyond mere political activism, influencing art, literature, and education Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the most impactful community health initiatives established by Steve Biko?

The Zanempilo Community Health Centre Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Black Consciousness Movement's self-reliance principle?

To empower black communities to take control of their destiny and engage directly in the struggle for freedom Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Community Programmes in post-apartheid South Africa?

They had a sustained influence on community development projects Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Black Consciousness Movement's community development and self-help projects?

To foster economic independence and community cohesion through self-help initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness Movement's influence on the anti-apartheid struggle?

It reinvigorated the anti-apartheid struggle at a time when political activity was at a low ebb Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Black Consciousness Movement's education?

To educate black people about their rights, potential, and the reality of their oppression Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Consciousness Movement's resistance to inferiority and superiority complexes?

It challenged the prevailing narratives that devalued blackness and asserted the shared humanity and equality of all races Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Consciousness Movement's psychological and cultural emancipation?

To awaken black South Africans to the systemic injustices imposed by apartheid and instill pride in their racial identity Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness Movement's influence on art, literature, and education?

It reshaped the discourse around black identity and resistance in South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Consciousness Movement?

To empower black people to act as their own liberators from apartheid oppression Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate trigger for the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

The language policy that imposed Afrikaans as the medium of instruction Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the government's response to the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

The government relaxed the strict enforcement of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the brutality experienced during the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

Many young South Africans joined the ANC and PAC in exile Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Steve Biko's death?

It symbolized the brutal repression faced by anti-apartheid activists Signup and view all the answers

What was the official response to Steve Biko's death?

The government claimed Biko died as a result of a hunger strike Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the autopsy on Steve Biko's body?

It revealed that Biko died due to brain damage from police beatings Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of June 16, 1976?

It was the day of the Soweto Uprising Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

The government relaxed the strict enforcement of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction Signup and view all the answers

What was the global reaction to Steve Biko's death?

International condemnation of the apartheid government Signup and view all the answers

What was the legacy of the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

It marked the beginning of the end of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Durban Strikes of 1973 in the context of labor movements in South Africa?

It demonstrated an increasing political awareness among black workers, influenced by the principles of Black Consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

To advocate for workers' rights and integrate Black Consciousness principles into the labor movement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the influence of Black Consciousness on labor movements in South Africa?

The emergence of more politically conscious and active trade unions, aligning with the anti-apartheid movement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the global reaction to Steve Biko's death?

National and international outrage Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Community Programmes (BCP)?

To foster self-reliance and uplift black communities through a range of social, educational, and health services. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Soweto Uprising in 1976?

It was a student-led protest against educational policies, rooted in the broader discontent that included the working class's struggles. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Steve Biko's death on the anti-apartheid movement?

It galvanized the movement both within and outside South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the inquest into Steve Biko's death?

The inquest exposed the cruel treatment of political detainees Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on trade unionism in South Africa?

It resulted in the formation of more politically conscious and active trade unions, aligning with the anti-apartheid movement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of Steve Biko's death on the apartheid government's international standing?

It significantly damaged its international standing Signup and view all the answers

What was the legacy of the labor movements sparked by the Black Consciousness movement?

It set the stage for numerous similar protests throughout the apartheid era and beyond, contributing to the eventual downfall of the apartheid system. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the legal and political repercussions of Steve Biko's death?

The government was forced to reform its detention policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Consciousness movement's influence on labor movements in South Africa?

Fighting against racial oppression and economic exploitation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness movement's influence on labor movements in South Africa?

The formation of more politically conscious and active trade unions, aligning with the anti-apartheid movement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Durban Moment' in the context of labor movements in South Africa?

It demonstrated an increasing political awareness among black workers, influenced by the principles of Black Consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the formation of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO) in 1968?

To foster a sense of identity, unity, and self-awareness among black students and promote Black Consciousness ideology Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Viva Frelimo' rallies organized by the Black Consciousness movement in 1974?

They highlighted the link between the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and the broader anti-colonial movements in Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of the apartheid government to the growing influence of the Black Consciousness movement?

They banned the Black Consciousness movement and arrested its leaders Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Peoples Convention (BPC)?

To articulate and advance the demands and aspirations of black South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the formation of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

It was a union that sought to translate the principles of Black Consciousness into concrete actions and community-based initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Azanian Peoples Organisation (AZAPO)?

To challenge the apartheid regime and promote the aspirations of black South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on political organization and mobilization in South Africa?

It profoundly influenced the ideological underpinnings of the struggle against apartheid and led to the establishment of several pivotal organizations Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the activities of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO) on tertiary education institutions?

To promote Black Consciousness ideology and push forward the agenda of Black Consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the trials of Black Consciousness leaders following the 'Viva Frelimo' rallies?

They drew international attention to the struggles within South Africa and the resilience of the Black Consciousness movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Consciousness movement?

To challenge the apartheid regime and promote the aspirations of black South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

The weakening of the African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that led to the disillusionment of black activists with multiracial organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

The failure of these organizations to challenge the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the government's intensified repression of opposition in the years following Sharpeville?

A state of political apathy and fear among the black population Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Black Consciousness Movement in its early stages?

To invigorate a new sense of agency among black South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that led to the rise of the Black Consciousness Movement in the 1970s?

A confluence of social, political, and ideological factors Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of the political repression and vacuum in leadership following Sharpeville?

A significant vacuum in black political leadership and activism Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary limitation of multiracial organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

Their failure to challenge the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind the emergence of the Black Consciousness Movement?

To address the specific needs and concerns of black South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Black Consciousness Movement's emphasis on cultural and psychological emancipation?

To infuse the black community with a sense of pride in their racial identity and challenge prevailing narratives Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Black Consciousness Movement's education for liberation?

Education that equipped black people with knowledge and tools to challenge and dismantle apartheid structures Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Consciousness Movement's emphasis on self-reliance?

Empowering black communities to take control of their destiny and engage directly in the struggle for freedom Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness Movement's influence on art, literature, and education?

A reshaping of the discourse around black identity and resistance in South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Black Consciousness Movement's community development and self-help projects?

To foster economic independence and community cohesion Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness Movement on the anti-apartheid struggle?

It revitalized the anti-apartheid struggle at a time when political activity was at a low ebb Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Consciousness Movement's resistance to inferiority and superiority complexes?

To challenge the prevailing narratives that devalued blackness and promoted feelings of racial inferiority Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of Steve Biko's death?

The brutality of the apartheid regime was highlighted internationally. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Consciousness Movement's emphasis on self-realization and awareness?

To awaken black South Africans to the systemic injustices imposed by apartheid Signup and view all the answers

How did Biko's death affect the anti-apartheid movement?

It sparked greater international activism and protests. Signup and view all the answers

What was a legal consequence of Biko's death?

The inquest into his death exposed the cruel treatment of political detainees. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Consciousness Movement's program of psychological and cultural emancipation?

To replace the prevailing narratives that devalued blackness with affirmations of worth, dignity, and self-respect Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness Movement's influence on the discourse around black identity and resistance?

A reshaping of the discourse around black identity and resistance in South Africa Signup and view all the answers

How did Biko's death affect the apartheid government's standing?

It significantly damaged their international reputation. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the international outcry following Biko's death?

Increased international sanctions were imposed on South Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary implication of the Black Consciousness movement on labor movements in South Africa?

Labor movements became more organized and politically conscious Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the 1973 Durban strikes for the labor movement in South Africa?

It demonstrated an increasing political awareness among black workers Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

To address the specific needs and challenges faced by black workers Signup and view all the answers

How did the Black Consciousness movement influence trade unionism in South Africa?

It strengthened the impact and reach of labor activism by aligning it with the anti-apartheid movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Soweto Uprising in 1976 for the labor movement in South Africa?

It highlighted the interconnectedness of struggles across different sectors of black South African society Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Black Community Programmes (BCP)?

To foster self-reliance and uplift black communities through social, educational, and health services Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on labor movements in South Africa beyond the 1970s?

It contributed to the eventual downfall of the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Durban Moment for the labor movement in South Africa?

It was one of the earliest indications of the Black Consciousness movement's influence on labor Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness movement's influence on labor movements in South Africa?

It set the stage for numerous similar protests throughout the apartheid era and beyond Signup and view all the answers

What was the legacy of the labor movements sparked by the Black Consciousness movement?

A strong emphasis on social justice and equity in labor relations in South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the health centers established by Steve Biko, such as the Zanempilo Community Health Centre?

To offer health education and accessible healthcare to the community Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1976 Soweto Uprising in the context of the anti-apartheid struggle?

It was a pivotal moment in the history of South Africa, highlighting the opposition to apartheid's linguistic and cultural policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Zimele Trust Fund, established by the Black Community Programmes?

To facilitate employment opportunities for those marginalized by the apartheid regime Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Ithuseng Community Health Programme, established by the Black Community Programmes?

To focus on women's empowerment through health education and economic initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Community Programmes in the context of post-apartheid South Africa?

They served as a model for community-driven initiatives in addressing social and economic disparities Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Winter School Project, established by the Black Community Programmes?

To offer extra tuition to students preparing for crucial examinations Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the enforcement of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in schools, leading to the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

It was seen as a tactic to further control and marginalize the black population Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the community-focused programs established by Steve Biko following his banishment to King William's Town?

To empower black South Africans and provide them with tools and resources for self-improvement Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Community Programmes in the context of the anti-apartheid struggle?

They demonstrated the viability and effectiveness of community-driven initiatives in addressing social and economic issues Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1976 Soweto Uprising, in the context of the anti-apartheid struggle?

The protests were violently suppressed, leading to widespread unrest and international condemnation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that contributed to the failure of the apartheid government to completely abandon the language policy in 1976?

The influence of Black Consciousness on student activism Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate consequence of the 1976 Soweto Uprising on the government's response to dissent?

The government increased its repressive tactics, leading to further killings and arrests Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation for many young South Africans to flee the country and join the ranks of the ANC and the PAC in exile?

The need to escape the brutal suppression of dissent in South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Steve Biko's death in terms of its impact on the anti-apartheid movement?

It galvanized international condemnation and increased pressure on the government Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the South African government's decision to pass more repressive laws after the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

To stifle dissent and control the narrative Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the 1976 Soweto Uprising on the global community?

It drew international condemnation and increased pressure on the government Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Consciousness movement's community development and self-help projects?

Promoting black pride and self-reliance Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of June 16, 1976, in South African history?

It was the day of the Soweto Uprising, a turning point in the anti-apartheid movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the banning of several organizations associated with the Black Consciousness movement?

Their promotion of black pride and self-reliance Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Steve Biko's final arrest in 1977?

He was killed in police custody due to severe beatings and brain damage Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

The banning of the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of multiracial organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

They were ineffective in challenging the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was a factor that contributed to a state of political apathy and fear among black South Africans?

The intensified government repression against opposition Signup and view all the answers

What was a reason for the disillusionment of black activists with multiracial organizations?

The organizations were ineffective in challenging the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the government's crackdown after Sharpeville?

The restriction of black political leadership and activism Signup and view all the answers

What was a factor that challenged the existing frameworks of anti-apartheid struggle?

The emergence of the Black Consciousness Movement Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the vacuum in black political leadership and activism?

The rise of the Black Consciousness Movement Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of black-led activism within multiracial organizations?

They were ineffective in challenging the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO)?

To foster a sense of identity, unity, and self-awareness among black students and push forward the agenda of Black Consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Viva Frelimo' rallies in 1974?

They celebrated the independence of Mozambique from Portuguese colonial rule and highlighted the link between the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and the broader anti-colonial movements in Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Black Peoples Convention (BPC)?

To unify various segments of the black community under the banner of Black Consciousness and to challenge the apartheid regime more directly and comprehensively Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on political organization and mobilization in South Africa?

It resulted in the establishment of several pivotal organizations that played key roles in mobilizing black South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of the apartheid government to the growing influence of the Black Consciousness movement?

It resulted in the arrest of BC leaders, including Steve Biko, and subsequent trials Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of SASO's activities?

Targeting universities established or designated for black students following the Extension of University Education Act of 1959 Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the tactic of 'Direct Action and Civil Disobedience' used by the Black Consciousness movement?

It was a key factor in maintaining momentum in the anti-apartheid struggle, especially during periods when other liberation movements were banned or driven underground Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

Labor rights and community development Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Azanian Peoples Organisation (AZAPO)?

It was an organization that translated the principles of Black Consciousness into concrete actions and community-based initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on labor movements in South Africa?

It led to the establishment of various organizations that focused on labor rights and community development Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Consciousness Movement's self-realization and awareness?

To awaken black South Africans to the systemic injustices imposed by apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Black Consciousness movement's community development and self-help projects?

To establish community programs that focused on self-help and development Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa?

It reinvigorated the anti-apartheid struggle and laid the groundwork for the widespread protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Black Consciousness movement's cultural and psychological emancipation?

To infuse the black community with a sense of pride in their racial identity, culture, and history Signup and view all the answers

What was the principle of self-reliance in the Black Consciousness movement?

To empower black communities to take control of their destiny and engage directly in the struggle for freedom Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Consciousness movement on art, literature, and education?

It influenced the discourse around black identity and resistance in South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Consciousness movement's education?

Education for liberation and empowerment Signup and view all the answers

What did the Black Consciousness movement seek to combat?

Feelings of inferiority and to rebuild confidence among the black majority Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness movement's influence on the anti-apartheid struggle?

It reinvigorated the anti-apartheid struggle and laid the groundwork for the widespread protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Consciousness movement?

To empower black people to act as their own liberators from apartheid oppression Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the community-focused programs established by Steve Biko following his banishment to King William's Town?

Education and health care initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the most impactful community health initiatives established by Steve Biko?

Zanempilo Community Health Centre Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Zimele Trust Fund?

To facilitate employment opportunities for those marginalized by the apartheid regime Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Ithuseng Community Health Programme?

Women's empowerment through health education and economic initiatives Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Winter School Project?

To provide extra tuition during the winter holidays Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Community Programmes?

They demonstrated the viability of community-driven initiatives in addressing social and economic issues Signup and view all the answers

What was the catalyst for the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

The government's decision to enforce Afrikaans as the medium of instruction Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

The event was a pivotal moment in the anti-apartheid struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Community Programmes on community development in post-apartheid South Africa?

They influenced community development projects in post-apartheid South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Community Programmes in the anti-apartheid struggle?

They demonstrated the viability of community-driven initiatives in addressing social and economic issues Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1973 strikes in Durban?

They marked a turning point in the labor movement, with workers becoming more organized and politically conscious Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Community Programmes (BCP)?

To foster self-reliance and uplift black communities Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness Movement on trade unionism in South Africa?

It marked a shift towards more politically conscious and active trade unions Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Soweto Uprising in 1976?

It highlighted the interconnectedness of struggles across different sectors of black South African society Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Durban Moment'?

It was one of the earliest indications of the Black Consciousness Movement's influence on labor Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

To address the specific needs and challenges faced by black workers Signup and view all the answers

What was the legacy of the labor movements sparked by the Black Consciousness Movement?

They contributed to the eventual downfall of the apartheid system Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness Movement on labor movements in South Africa?

It marked a shift towards more organized and politically conscious labor movements Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Black Community Programmes (BCP) under the leadership of Steve Biko?

To foster self-reliance and uplift black communities Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Black Consciousness Movement's influence on labor movements?

It marked a shift towards more organized and politically conscious labor movements Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the consequences of Biko's death?

International attention to the brutality of the apartheid regime increased. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Biko's death on the anti-apartheid movement?

It galvanized the movement both within and outside South Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the legal and political repercussions of Biko's death?

No one was criminally charged for his death. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the inquest into Biko's death?

The cruel treatment of political detainees was exposed. Signup and view all the answers

How did the news of Biko's death spread?

Across South Africa and the world. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind the student uprising in Soweto on June 16, 1976?

Refusal to accept the imposition of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the student uprising in Soweto on June 16, 1976?

The government relaxed the enforcement of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the student uprising on the anti-apartheid movement?

It drew international condemnation and intensified global pressure on the South African government Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Steve Biko's final arrest on August 18, 1977?

He died as a result of severe beatings and brain damage while in police custody Signup and view all the answers

What was the official response to Steve Biko's death?

The government claimed that Biko had died as a result of a prolonged hunger strike Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Steve Biko's death on the anti-apartheid movement?

It galvanized international opposition to the apartheid regime and intensified the movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

It was a turning point in the anti-apartheid movement, highlighting the importance of cultural and linguistic identity Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's response to the Soweto Uprising?

The government increased its repressive tactics, leading to further killings, arrests, and imprisonments Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Soweto Uprising on the youth of South Africa?

It marked a turning point in the anti-apartheid movement, inspiring youth to take action against the apartheid regime Signup and view all the answers

What was the legacy of the Soweto Uprising?

It is celebrated as a significant moment in the struggle against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

Gr 12 History Ch 4.2 SUM: CIVIL RESISTANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA 1970S TO 1980S CHALLENGES TO APARTHEID (BCM)

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Questions and Answers

What was a turning point in South African history that led to the banning of the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)?

What was a consequence of the government's intensified repressive measures against opposition in the years following Sharpeville?

Why were many black activists disillusioned with organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

What highlighted the limitations and contradictions of organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

What did the Black Consciousness Movement seek to do among black South Africans?

What was the consequence of the banning of the ANC and the PAC?

What did Steve Biko and other black activists become disillusioned with?

What was a key reason for the rise of the Black Consciousness Movement?

What was the primary objective of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO)?

What was the significance of the 'Viva Frelimo' rallies in 1974?

What was the response of the apartheid government to the growing influence of the Black Consciousness movement?

What was the main objective of the Black Peoples Convention (BPC)?

What was the outcome of the trials of Black Consciousness leaders?

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on political organization and mobilization in South Africa?

What was the primary focus of SASO's activities?

What was the significance of the 'Direct Action and Civil Disobedience' tactic used by the Black Consciousness movement?

What was the ultimate goal of the Black Consciousness movement?

What was the outcome of the Viva Frelimo rallies in 1974?

What was the primary focus of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa?

What was the main objective of the Black Consciousness movement's cultural and psychological emancipation?

Who was the pioneer of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa?

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness movement on the anti-apartheid struggle?

What was the outcome of the Black Consciousness movement's influence on art, literature, and education?

What was the primary goal of the Black Consciousness movement's self-realization and awareness?

What was the Black Consciousness movement's stance on self-reliance?

What was the purpose of education under the Black Consciousness movement?

What was the focus of the Black Consciousness movement's community development and self-help projects?

What was the ultimate goal of the Black Consciousness movement?

What was the significance of the 1973 strikes in Durban?

What was the outcome of the Soweto Uprising in 1976?

What was the primary focus of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness Movement on labor movements in South Africa?

What was the primary goal of the Black Community Programmes (BCP)?

Who led the Black Community Programmes (BCP)?

What was the significance of the Durban Moment?

What was the outcome of the Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU)?

What was the impact of the Black Consciousness Movement on trade unionism in South Africa?

What was the legacy of the labor movements sparked by the Black Consciousness Movement?

What was the global reaction to Biko's death?

What was the impact of Biko's death on the anti-apartheid movement?

What was the outcome of the inquest into Biko's death?

What was the effect of Biko's death on the apartheid government's international standing?

What was the result of the legal and political repercussions of Biko's death?

What was the primary focus of the community-focused programs established by Steve Biko following his banishment to King William's Town?

What was one of the most impactful community health initiatives established by Steve Biko?

What was the primary goal of the Zimele Trust Fund?

What was the focus of the Ithuseng Community Health Programme?

What was the goal of the Winter School Project?

What was the significance of the Black Community Programmes?

What was the catalyst for the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

What did the Black Community Programmes seek to revive and nurture?

What has been the sustained influence of the Black Community Programmes?

What was the location of the 1976 Soweto Uprising?

What influenced many students and young people in Soweto and other parts of South Africa?

What was the immediate trigger for the Soweto uprising?

How did the government respond to the Soweto uprising?

What was the consequence of the Soweto uprising for many young South Africans?

What did the government pass in response to the Soweto uprising?

What is the significance of June 16, 1976?

What was Steve Biko's fate?

What was the official government response to Steve Biko's death?

What was the actual cause of Steve Biko's death?

What is the legacy of the 1976 Soweto uprising?

What was the primary consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960 for black political leadership in South Africa?

Why did many black activists, including Steve Biko, become disillusioned with multiracial organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

What was the result of the intensified government repression in the years following Sharpeville?

What was a key factor that contributed to the emergence of the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa?

What was the primary limitation of multiracial organizations like NUSAS and UCM?

What was the significance of the incidents at NUSAS and UCM conferences?

What was the primary objective of the Black Consciousness Movement?

What was the result of the government's repressive measures against opposition in the years following Sharpeville?

What was the primary purpose of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO)?

What was the significance of the 'Viva Frelimo' rallies in 1974?

What was the response of the apartheid government to the growing influence of the Black Consciousness movement?

What was the primary objective of the Black Peoples Convention (BPC)?

What was the focus of the activities of SASO?