Rise of Japanese Imperialism

• The image illustrates the Rise of Japanese Imperialism

East Asia Geography

• East Asia includes countries like Mongolia, Japan, North and South Korea, China, and the Philippines.

Bakufu (Shogunate)

• The military government system in Japan was headed by a shogun.
• The shogun held the most powerful position in Japan from 1185 to 1868.

Tokugawa Ieyasu

• Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Tokugawa Shogunate Policies

• The Tokugawa Shogunate implemented policies to suppress Western influences impacting Japanese society.

Meiji Restoration

• Emperor Mutsuhito ascended the throne during the Meiji Restoration.
• Power was centralized once again.

Conscription

• All men underwent military training and served for 7 years.

Satsuma Rebellion

• The carrying of the katana was prohibited.

First Sino-Japanese War

• A rebellion took place against the Joseon dynasty in Korea.
• Korea sought assistance from the Qing Dynasty of China.
• Japan occupied Seoul in 1894.
• The war revealed China's outdated military.
• Japan demonstrated its effective modernization of its military and navy.

Treaty of Shimonoseki

• Japan became the most powerful country in East Asia.
• China recognized Korea's independence through this treaty.
• The Liaodong Peninsula and Penghu Islands were surrendered.
• China would pay for 200 million silver taels.
• Japanese merchants were allowed to ship goods on the Yangtze River.

Russo-Japanese War

• Japan attacked the Russian naval fleet at Port Arthur.
• Port Arthur was connected to the empire via the Trans-Siberian Railway.
• Japan attacked Manchuria.
• At the Battle of Tsushima in 1905, Russia sent the Baltic fleet but was defeated.

Treaty of Portsmouth

• Peace had to be maintained for 3 decades.
• Japan would occupy Korea.
• Russia would not attack.
• Japan would return Sakhalin Islands to Russia.
• Russia would not make any reparations to Japan.

Occupation of Manchuria

• Japan faced economic damages due to the Great Depression.
• Japan invaded Manchuria because it could not provide natural resources for local consumption.
• Japan spread disinformation that Chinese revolutionaries had detonated dynamites on the train tracks built by Japan.
• Manchukuo was established by Japan as a puppet government, but was not considered a state.
• Japan withdrew from the League of Nations (LON).
• Pu Yi was the last emperor of China.

Second Sino-Japanese War

• A Japanese guard went missing in Wanping.
• Shanghai was captured, and then the Japanese attacked Nanking (Nanjing).

Parties United

• The National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang Party was led by Chiang Kai-shek.
• The Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party was led by Mao Zedong.
• The groups chose to be united.

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS)

• Under the slogan "Asia for Asians," Japan intended to ensure its political and industrial hegemony.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

• Allied Powers included the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, and China.
• Axis Powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan.
• American and Filipino soldiers were forced to retreat to Bataan.
• Manila was declared an "open city".

Bataan Death March

• Captured soldiers forced march to Capas, Tarlac.

Japan Military Administration (JMA)

• Jose P. Laurel led a puppet government.
• Japan wanted the Filipinos to reject Americans.

Japanese Policies

• Policies implemented included food shortages, inflation, sugar shortages, and printing of Japanese money.
• There was an increase in price of goods.

Japanese Empire in Indonesia

• Conscription of Romusha continued.
• Political organization was not allowed.
• Singing of Indonesia Raya was not allowed.
• Individuals worked with Japan to achieve independence.
• Bahasa Indonesia and Nihongo were used as languages.
• Muslims became involved.
• The middle class was allowed to serve in the government.
• Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta were leading figures.

Japanese Empire in Myanmar

• Aung San established the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) to oppose Japan.
• They collaborated with the British to expel the Japanese.
• Ba Maw was a key figure.

Japanese Empire in Vietnam

• An agreement with Japan was signed, allowing Japanese forces to enter Vietnam.
• France allowed Japan to use the railway systems.
• The Japanese provided a savior from the French.
• Governor General Jean Decoux was a key leader.
• Americans supported the Viet Minh Party against Japan.
• Japan declared Vietnam free and installed Bao Dai as emperor.

Japanese Colonial Methods: Philippines

• Filipinos fought against the Japanese.

Japanese Colonial Methods: Indonesia, Myanmar, and Vietnam

• Locals supported the arrival of the Japanese temporarily.
• Locals desired true freedom later on.

Japanese Colonial Methods: Common Traits

• Puppet governments were established.
• GEACPS was promoted with the tagline "Asia for Asians.”
• Exploitation of the population and natural resources occurred.
• Laborers were used for military infrastructure, forced cultivation of cash crops.
• The Japanese did not solve the socio-economic challenges.
• Opportunities were provided for elites to be part of the government.

Responses to Colonial Order: Myanmar

• Aung San and the Burmese continued their pursuit of freedom.

Responses to Colonial Order: Indonesia

• After the war, Sukarno was labeled as a collaborator.

Responses to Colonial Order: Vietnam

• Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, cooperated with the Americans to oust Japan.

Responses to Colonial Order: Phillipines

• Hukbalahap (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon) took up arms.
• Hukbalahap consisted of communist and guerilla groups that rebelled against Japan.

End of Japanese Imperialism and WWII

• The Battle of Leyte Gulf saw Japan use the kamikaze strategy.
• Allied forces won the battle, and America proceeded to Luzon.
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed.
• Japan surrendered through a radio announcement by Emperor Hirohito.
• The Potsdam Declaration was issued, proclaiming the terms for Japanese surrender.