17 Questions
What was required for a Filipino secular priest to be appointed as a parish priest?
Passing an examination
How were Filipino students viewed in schools and universities run by the friars?
Considered secondary and inferior to Spanish students
What was the highest position in the government that Filipinos were allowed to be elected to?
Gobernadorcillo
According to Jose P. Rizal, what political reform did he propose regarding Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes?
Filipinos should have equal representation in the Cortes
What did Jose P. Rizal believe was lacking in the Filipino representation that led to rebellion against the Spanish Colonial government?
Representation in the Spanish Cortes
In terms of land ownership, who were large and rich lands typically given to during the Spanish Colonial period?
Pure Spaniards
What was the main goal of the Illustrados in Spain?
To introduce reform for the development of Spanish civil life
What did the Progresistas attribute as hindrances to development in Spain?
All of the above
According to Carlistas, what was essential for stability in the government and society?
Following tradition and church principles
In the social stratification of the Philippines, who were Peninsulares?
Spaniards who settled in the Philippines
Which group in the Philippines enjoyed luxuries and lived inside the city of Intramuros?
Insulares
During the administration of Carlos Maria De La Torre, what did Filipinos become aware of?
The potential for political reforms within the colonial government.
What was the negative reaction of Filipinos to the sudden shift from liberal to conservative governance?
Protests and discontent
What was the issue of secularization and who supported it during the times of Arch-bishop Sta. Justa and Governor General Anda?
Appointment of Filipino priests to solve church vacancies, supported by Governor General Anda.
What was the response of regular priests to the appointment of Filipino priests during the secularization issue?
Questioned the credibility of Filipino priests in leading the church.
In what year was the secularization of parishes implemented by Archbishop Sta. Justa suspended?
1776
What impact did the sudden shift from liberal to conservative governance have on Filipinos?
Gained negative reaction from Filipinos.
Study Notes
Rise of Different Groups in Spain
- Illustrados (the Enlightened Ones) aimed to introduce reform for the development of Spanish civil life through education, chosen by King Carlos III.
- Progresistas, mostly Freemasons, believed that the hindrance to development were:
- Absolutism of monarchy
- Ignorance of the people
- Intercession of the friars in political and social life
- Carlistas believed that stability in government and society could be achieved by following tradition and the church.
Social Stratification in the Philippines
- Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain and settled in the Philippines, lived in Intramuros (inside the city)
- Insulares: Spaniards born in the Philippines, enjoyed luxuries in the Philippines
- Filipino priests (Secular) needed to pass an examination to be appointed as parish priests, while Spanish priests (Regular) could assume the position without examination
- Filipino students were considered secondary and inferior in schools and universities run by friars
- Filipinos were only allowed to hold positions up to Gobernadorcillo (town leader) in government, while highest positions were reserved for pure Spanish
- Large and rich lands were given to Spaniards, not Filipinos
Lack of Representation of Filipinos in the Spanish Cortes
- Jose Rizal asked for representation of Filipinos in the Spanish Cortes to have laws that protect Filipino interests
- Lack of Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes contributed to rebellion against the Spanish Colonial government
Coming of Liberal Ideas
- Governor General Carlos Maria De La Torre was a liberal-minded governor who introduced reforms, allowing Filipinos to participate actively
- Successor Rafael de Izquierdo imposed conservative rules, sparking negative reaction from Filipinos
- Secularization issue started in 1767-1776, with Archbishop Sta. Justa and Governor General Anda allowing Filipino priests to lead churches, but was later suspended by the Royal Decree in December 1776
Test your knowledge on the rise of different groups in Spain during a period of social and political transformation. Learn about the Illustrados, intellectuals aiming for reform, and the Progresistas, who believed in overcoming hindrances to development. Explore the historical context of Spain through this quiz.
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