Rights of Indigenous Peoples in India

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Questions and Answers

Match the following constitutional provisions with their impact on indigenous peoples' rights:

Articles 244 and 244A = Grant special administrative and legal protections to indigenous communities Fundamental rights = Ensure indigenous autonomy and self-governance Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas = Provide ecological knowledge and cultural preservation Constitutional guarantees = Address socio-economic disparities faced by indigenous communities

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Scheduled Tribes (STs) = Another term for indigenous peoples in India Indigenous communities = Custodians of diverse cultures and ecological knowledge Tribal Areas = Designated areas with special administrative and legal protections Constitutional provisions = International commitments for indigenous rights

Match the following benefits with the rights of indigenous peoples:

Autonomy and self-governance = Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas Cultural preservation and ecological knowledge = Indigenous communities Socio-economic equality = Constitutional guarantees Legal protections and administrative safeguards = Fundamental rights

Match the following challenges with their impact on indigenous peoples:

Marginalization = Socio-economic disparities Discrimination = Historical challenges faced by indigenous communities Socio-economic disparities = Lack of autonomy and self-governance Historical challenges = Custodians of diverse cultures and ecological knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Match the following entities with their role in indigenous rights:

The President of India = Declare certain areas as Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas Constitutional provisions = Uphold the rights of indigenous peoples Indigenous communities = Custodians of diverse cultures and ecological knowledge International commitments = Address socio-economic disparities faced by indigenous communities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laws/policies with their primary objectives:

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 = Allocate resources and provide affirmative action measures Forest Rights Act (FRA) of 2006 = Recognize and vest forest rights in forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) = Improve the socio-economic status of indigenous communities Article 342 = Recognize certain communities as Scheduled Tribes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following challenges faced by indigenous peoples with their effects:

Land and Resource Disputes = Threaten traditional livelihoods, cultural identity, and survival Marginalization and Discrimination = Perpetuate socio-economic disparities and hinder full participation Violence and Human Rights Violations = Contribute to the perpetuation of violence and impunity Affirmative Action = Promote inclusive development and ensure equal opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laws/policies with their benefits to indigenous communities:

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 = Provide protection from atrocities and discrimination Forest Rights Act (FRA) of 2006 = Empower forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes to protect their ancestral lands and resources Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) = Allocate resources for their socio-economic development Article 342 = Entitle them to reservations in educational institutions, employment, and legislative bodies Signup and view all the answers

Match the following issues with their causes:

Land alienation, displacement, and conflicts over natural resources = Developmental projects, mining activities, and land acquisition Systemic marginalization, social exclusion, and discrimination = Deep-rooted prejudices, unequal power relations, and caste-based discrimination Violence, exploitation, and human rights violations = Conflicts with state and non-state actors, inadequate protection of land rights Lack of accountability mechanisms = Perpetuation of violence and impunity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following consequences with their impact on indigenous communities:

Discrimination, social exclusion, and marginalization = Hinder their full participation in society Violence, exploitation, and human rights violations = Contribute to the perpetuation of violence and impunity Land and resource disputes = Threaten their traditional livelihoods, cultural identity, and survival Affirmative action measures = Promote their socio-economic development and ensure equal opportunities Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Rights of Indigenous Peoples in India

Indigenous peoples, also referred to as Scheduled Tribes (STs), constitute a significant portion of India's population and are custodians of diverse cultures, traditions, and ecological knowledge.

Legal Framework

The Constitution of India (1950) lays down foundational principles and guarantees fundamental rights for all citizens, including indigenous peoples.
Article 244 and 244A empower the President of India to declare certain areas as Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas, granting special administrative and legal protections to indigenous communities.
Article 342 recognizes certain communities as Scheduled Tribes, eligible for special protections and benefits under the Constitution.
The Forest Rights Act (FRA) of 2006 recognizes and vests forest rights in forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers.
Affirmative Action measures, such as the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, and the Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP), allocate resources and provide benefits to improve the socio-economic status of indigenous communities.

Challenges and Issues

Land and resource disputes arise due to developmental projects, mining activities, and land acquisition, threatening traditional livelihoods, cultural identity, and survival of indigenous peoples.
Marginalization and discrimination occur in access to education, healthcare, employment, and other basic services due to deep-rooted prejudices, unequal power relations, and caste-based discrimination.
Violence and human rights violations, including police brutality, sexual violence, and displacement, affect indigenous communities, especially due to conflicts with state and non-state actors, inadequate protection of land rights, and lack of accountability mechanisms.