Rights of Indigenous Peoples in India

Articles 244 and 244A = Grant special administrative and legal protections to indigenous communities Fundamental rights = Ensure indigenous autonomy and self-governance Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas = Provide ecological knowledge and cultural preservation Constitutional guarantees = Address socio-economic disparities faced by indigenous communities

Scheduled Tribes (STs) = Another term for indigenous peoples in India Indigenous communities = Custodians of diverse cultures and ecological knowledge Tribal Areas = Designated areas with special administrative and legal protections Constitutional provisions = International commitments for indigenous rights

Autonomy and self-governance = Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas Cultural preservation and ecological knowledge = Indigenous communities Socio-economic equality = Constitutional guarantees Legal protections and administrative safeguards = Fundamental rights

Marginalization = Socio-economic disparities Discrimination = Historical challenges faced by indigenous communities Socio-economic disparities = Lack of autonomy and self-governance Historical challenges = Custodians of diverse cultures and ecological knowledge

The President of India = Declare certain areas as Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas Constitutional provisions = Uphold the rights of indigenous peoples Indigenous communities = Custodians of diverse cultures and ecological knowledge International commitments = Address socio-economic disparities faced by indigenous communities

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 = Allocate resources and provide affirmative action measures Forest Rights Act (FRA) of 2006 = Recognize and vest forest rights in forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) = Improve the socio-economic status of indigenous communities Article 342 = Recognize certain communities as Scheduled Tribes

Land and Resource Disputes = Threaten traditional livelihoods, cultural identity, and survival Marginalization and Discrimination = Perpetuate socio-economic disparities and hinder full participation Violence and Human Rights Violations = Contribute to the perpetuation of violence and impunity Affirmative Action = Promote inclusive development and ensure equal opportunities

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 = Provide protection from atrocities and discrimination Forest Rights Act (FRA) of 2006 = Empower forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes to protect their ancestral lands and resources Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) = Allocate resources for their socio-economic development Article 342 = Entitle them to reservations in educational institutions, employment, and legislative bodies

Land alienation, displacement, and conflicts over natural resources = Developmental projects, mining activities, and land acquisition Systemic marginalization, social exclusion, and discrimination = Deep-rooted prejudices, unequal power relations, and caste-based discrimination Violence, exploitation, and human rights violations = Conflicts with state and non-state actors, inadequate protection of land rights Lack of accountability mechanisms = Perpetuation of violence and impunity

Discrimination, social exclusion, and marginalization = Hinder their full participation in society Violence, exploitation, and human rights violations = Contribute to the perpetuation of violence and impunity Land and resource disputes = Threaten their traditional livelihoods, cultural identity, and survival Affirmative action measures = Promote their socio-economic development and ensure equal opportunities