Rights and Duties in Law

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of civil litigation?

Disputes between individuals (correct)

Disputes against the state

Crimes like theft and murder

Prosecution in a court of law

In criminal litigation, who is responsible for prosecuting the case?

A private attorney

The defendant

The state prosecutor (correct)

The plaintiff

What must a plaintiff demonstrate in a civil litigation case?

That a crime has been committed

That they have a valid contract

That the defendant committed a wrong act (correct)

That they are acting in the state's interest

Which of the following requirements must a plaintiff satisfy to initiate a case?

Must be 18 years old and of sound mind Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes criminal litigation from civil litigation?

Criminal litigation addresses state-level offenses Signup and view all the answers

What does civil law primarily address?

Disputes between individuals or between individuals and the government Signup and view all the answers

In what way does criminal law serve society?

By punishing offenses against the state and deterring future crimes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of procedural law?

It determines how laws are enforced and how legal processes are conducted Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes substantive law from procedural law?

Substantive law encompasses rights, duties, and liabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which law is enacted by the parliament and includes legislation?

Written law Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of administrative law?

To define the powers and duties of local authorities Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of law focuses on compensating an innocent party for damages?

Civil law Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes unwritten law?

Common law and local customs not formally enacted Signup and view all the answers

What primarily governs the relationship between citizens of a country?

Constitutional law Signup and view all the answers

Which category does international criminal law fall under?

Public international law Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes private law?

Involves disputes between individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of public international law?

Governs relationships between sovereign states Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is considered national law?

Criminal law Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of private international law?

Focuses on conflicts of laws Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'state law' refer to?

Laws governing sovereign states Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of public law?

Protecting social interests Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rights and Duties of Individuals

Individuals possess rights and duties under various branches of law that govern their interactions.
Criminal law addresses offences committed by individuals against the state.
Civil law focuses on disputes between individuals or between individuals and the government.
Constitutional law outlines fundamental human rights and the structure of government.
Administrative law specifies the powers and responsibilities of local authorities.

Criminal Law vs Civil Law

Criminal law deals with crimes and corresponding punishments, often serving as a deterrent.
Civil law governs private disputes, establishing duties among individuals and compensating victims for damages.

Written Law vs Unwritten Law

Written law is formally enacted legislation by the parliament, including federal and state constitutions and subsidiary legislation.
Unwritten law is not formally enacted, found in case law, judicial precedents, English common law, and local customs.

Substantive Law vs Procedural Law

Substantive law defines rights, duties, and liabilities among citizens and the government.
Procedural law outlines the processes for enforcing rights and duties, clarifying legal procedures and evidentiary standards.

Civil Litigation vs Criminal Litigation

Civil litigation involves disputes among individuals on matters like contracts and agreements; it compensates plaintiffs for wrongs.
Criminal litigation involves crimes against the state, like theft or murder, prosecuted by the state to punish wrongdoers.

Preliminary Matters in Understanding Cases

The plaintiff must be part of the dispute and meet specific requirements, such as being of legal age and sound mind.
The plaintiff initiates the case, while the defendant is the party responding to the suit.

Classifications of Law

National law governs relationships among citizens and includes public law (constitutional, administrative, criminal) and private law (contracts, trusts, tort).
International law regulates interactions between sovereign states, relying on compliance by nations.

Public International Law vs Private International Law

Public international law concerns relationships between states and resolves disputes at the country level.
Private international law determines applicable laws in cases involving parties from different nations, known as conflict of laws.

Public Law vs Private Law

Public law governs relationships between individuals and the state, focusing on societal interests.
Private law governs relationships between individuals, mainly within civil matters.

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Description

Explore the complexities of individual rights and duties through various branches of law, including criminal, civil, constitutional, and administrative law. This quiz delves into fundamental human rights, the power of local authorities, and the interactions between individuals and the state.