Riesgos Naturales y su Gestión

General Information

• The presentation covers a wide range of topics related to risk management and disaster prevention.
• The document is a lesson plan encompassing prevention and management of disaster risks.
• The document outlines the identification of actions and guidelines in the processes of risk management and prevention.

PDOT (Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial)

• The PDOT is a planning instrument used by local governments (municipalities and provincial directors) to guide sustainable development and territorial planning within their jurisdiction.
• The PDOT aims to establish a long-term vision for regional growth, considering social, economic, environmental, and physical aspects to improve the population's quality of life.
• Risk reduction is a crucial component of the PDOT, linked to national development policies.

Actions to integrate disaster risk management into the PDOT

• The presentation provides a series of strategic decisions to integrate disaster risk reduction into the PDOT.
• Actions include adjusting strategic decisions based on disaster risk, identifying categories of exposed land to risks, and establishing regulations regarding exposed land.
• Establishing secure locations for population, infrastructure, and economic activities.
• Secure construction is essential, employing seismic-resistant norms where appropriate.
• Implementing safe operating procedures for the provision of goods and services, avoiding risks to infrastructure and assets during seismic activity.
• Promoting shared responsibility and risk awareness within public and private sectors to reduce disaster risks and adapt to climate change.
• Increasing resilience through improved local administrative capacity to minimize disaster impacts.

Identifying Categories of Exposed Land

• Identifying exposed urban and rural land categories to risk is crucial.
• Categorization utilizes risk zoning cartography developed in a diagnostic process.
• Protection zones are established for each category based on risk assessment.

Adjusting the Territorial Model in Response to Disaster Risk

• The model must be adjusted to ensure territorial resilience in the face of disaster risk, minimizing losses.
• Strategic interventions focus on proactively preventing new risk conditions and managing existing ones.
• The process includes identifying protection zones within urban development areas.
• Establishing environmental and landscape recovery projects for areas with unmitigable risks is an important consideration.
• Projects are defined to address residual risk conditions.

Regulations for Land Use Exposed to Risk

• Establishing regulations for non-urbanizable land use based on identified risk conditions, reserving conservation areas.
• Re-classifying urban and rural land categories as protection zones with restricted or monitored use.
• Creating particular restrictions for high-risk or non-mitigable areas based on specific assessments.
• Regulations for medium or mitigable risk zones are also defined.

Model of Disaster Risk Management in the PDOT

• The model of PDOT disaster risk management should include strategies for coordination and implementation.
• It should incorporate strategies to progressively reduce or mitigate risk factors.
• Monitoring and evaluation strategies should also be included in the plan.

Defining Articulation and Coordination Strategies

• Strategies for effective disaster risk reduction must be established, with collaboration between the government, academia and international cooperation organizations.

Defining Progressive Risk Reduction Strategies

• The risk reduction strategy should be based on existing programs and projects mentioned in the plan.
• Implementation should be done through county/provincial disaster reduction agendas.

Improving Disaster Risk Knowledge

• Increasing disaster-related knowledge through analysis, planning and management is crucial.
• This includes generating, managing or updating information about threats, vulnerabilities, and risks.
• Strengthen the governance structure for disaster risk in collaboration with national bodies.

Defining Monitoring and Evaluation Strategies

• Defining indicators tied to county/provincial disaster reduction agendas to track progress is crucial for the PDOT.
• The establishment of specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound (SMART) indicators.
• It is essential for the government (local authorities) to define regulations within their scope to handle limitations concerning specific hazards.
• Monitoring efforts should involve the government and other actors in the risk management process to check adherence to established regulations.

Disaster Risk Management in PDOT Lineamientos

• Disaster risk management has replaced disaster handling and management.
• Including disaster risk management in local planning and zoning is common for sustainable development, but often not thoroughly considered in long-term planning.

Disaster Risk Management and Sustainable Development

• Disaster risk management is essential for sustainable development.
• Risk management is necessary to prevent loss of life and property, while promoting growth.

Types of Natural Phenomena

• Atmospheric or Meteorological Phenomena: Include hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, torrential rains, and heat waves.
• Geological Phenomena: Include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and landslides.
• Hydrological Phenomena: Include floods, droughts, and tsunamis.
• Biological Phenomena: Include epidemics, infestations, and harmful algae blooms.

Causes of Natural Phenomena

• Internal Processes: Associated with plate tectonics and related geological activity.
• External Factors: Result from atmospheric changes and global warming, influencing events such as hurricanes and glacial melting.

Impact of Natural Phenomena

• Natural hazards can significantly impact human communities, causing loss of life, economic losses, and displacement.
• Environmental damage, such as soil erosion from floods and ecosystem disruption from wildfires, can result.

Preventing and Mitigating Disaster Risk

• Monitoring and predicting disaster events (using satellites, meteorological stations, and seismic networks) is essential.
• Constructing structures designed to withstand specific hazards (quake-resistant buildings, flood defenses) is also a priority.

Origin of Natural Phenomena

• Natural events/processes that occur without human intervention, driven by universal physical laws and forces.
• Cosmic and astronomical origins, planetary movements, formation of the Earth, tectonic plate dynamics, volcanism, atmospheric interactions, cycles and ecological processes.

Importance of Understanding Natural Phenomena

• Understanding their origin helps in better comprehension of the world.
• It allows for more informed decision-making to improve human life and safeguard the environment.
• It supports predicting and preventing disasters, adapting to changing climate and resource management.

Prediction and Disaster Prevention

• Accurate weather forecasting predicts storms, hurricanes, droughts and aids in early warnings to protect people and property.
• Understanding plate tectonics and volcanoes helps identify high-risk zones for better urban planning and safety measures.

Protecting the Environment and Ecosystems

• Understanding natural processes (e.g., water, carbon cycles, trophic interactions) sustainably manage resources and safeguard biodiversity.
• Protecting ecosystems provides natural buffers against hazards, for example, the protection offered by mangroves against storm surges.

Adapting to Climate Change

• Minimizing the effects of extreme weather events (heatwaves, floods) necessitates mitigation of the root causes, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Planning for changing conditions in sectors like agriculture, tourism, and fishing is crucial to maintain economic stability.

Technological and Scientific Development

• The need to understand natural phenomena drives innovation in observation technologies (e.g., satellites) and computer models, furthering scientific development.
• Research advances understanding of the universe, such as planetary formation and the origin of life.

Environmental Education and Awareness

• Education about natural phenomena enhances environmental literacy and informed decision-making about environmental issues.
• Recognizing the impact of human activity on natural systems and the need for sustainable practices is crucial.

Safety and Public Health

• Knowing natural phenomena to mitigate the risk of diseases and health issues in response to climate-related hazards (heat waves, storms), is necessary.
• Having access to essential resources (water and food) following natural disasters is crucial.

Final Considerations

• Studying natural phenomena provides tools to better understand and manage the natural world.
• This leads to improvements in human well-being through better use of resources and protection of biodiversity.

Este cuestionario evalúa tus conocimientos sobre los criterios para el uso del suelo en zonas de riesgo y las estrategias del Modelo de Gestión del PDOT. Profundiza en fenómenos meteorológicos como deslizamientos, tsunamis y erupciones volcánicas, y cómo estos impactan el entorno. Prepárate para relacionar riesgos y acciones adecuadas en el manejo del territorio.