Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary theme explored in the film Himala?
What is the primary theme explored in the film Himala?
Which character claims to have seen an apparition of the Virgin Mary in Himala?
Which character claims to have seen an apparition of the Virgin Mary in Himala?
How does Elsa's portrayal reflect feminist criticism in Himala?
How does Elsa's portrayal reflect feminist criticism in Himala?
What does the film Himala suggest about the role of religion in marginalized communities?
What does the film Himala suggest about the role of religion in marginalized communities?
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What awards has Ricky Lee received for his contributions to film and literature?
What awards has Ricky Lee received for his contributions to film and literature?
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In what year was the film Himala released?
In what year was the film Himala released?
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Which aspect of society does Marxist criticism highlight in the film Himala?
Which aspect of society does Marxist criticism highlight in the film Himala?
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Which of the following is NOT a published book by Ricky Lee?
Which of the following is NOT a published book by Ricky Lee?
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Which themes are prominently addressed in African literature?
Which themes are prominently addressed in African literature?
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What is cultural hybridity in the context of postcolonial literature?
What is cultural hybridity in the context of postcolonial literature?
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Which author is known for their work in the Négritude movement?
Which author is known for their work in the Négritude movement?
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In the poem 'Africa' by David Diop, what does the symbol of the tree represent?
In the poem 'Africa' by David Diop, what does the symbol of the tree represent?
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What does the phrase 'the blood of your sweat' in Diop's poem signify?
What does the phrase 'the blood of your sweat' in Diop's poem signify?
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What does David Diop express in his poetry regarding his cultural experience?
What does David Diop express in his poetry regarding his cultural experience?
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What is the overall message of the poem 'Africa' by David Diop?
What is the overall message of the poem 'Africa' by David Diop?
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Which of the following is NOT a major focus of postcolonial studies?
Which of the following is NOT a major focus of postcolonial studies?
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What does Elsa’s rejection of her role as a miracle worker symbolize?
What does Elsa’s rejection of her role as a miracle worker symbolize?
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Which of the following best characterizes 21st Century Literature?
Which of the following best characterizes 21st Century Literature?
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What is a fundamental characteristic of graphic novels?
What is a fundamental characteristic of graphic novels?
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What distinguishes digi-fiction from traditional literature?
What distinguishes digi-fiction from traditional literature?
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Which sub-genre of speculative fiction primarily explores themes related to technology?
Which sub-genre of speculative fiction primarily explores themes related to technology?
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What themes are commonly addressed in chick lit?
What themes are commonly addressed in chick lit?
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Which characteristic is NOT typical of doodle fiction?
Which characteristic is NOT typical of doodle fiction?
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How does formalist criticism approach the analysis of literature?
How does formalist criticism approach the analysis of literature?
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What type of literature is characterized by a narrative that takes place in a different world with fantastical elements?
What type of literature is characterized by a narrative that takes place in a different world with fantastical elements?
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Manga is distinct from manhua and manhwa in that it originates from which country?
Manga is distinct from manhua and manhwa in that it originates from which country?
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What is a defining feature of illustrated novels?
What is a defining feature of illustrated novels?
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Which aspect is NOT typically a characteristic of speculative fiction?
Which aspect is NOT typically a characteristic of speculative fiction?
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What is the primary function of literature on social media according to modern trends?
What is the primary function of literature on social media according to modern trends?
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Study Notes
Ricky Lee: Filipino Screenwriter
- Renowned Filipino screenwriter, novelist, playwright, and journalist
- One of the most influential and prolific writers in Philippine cinema, with over 180 screenplays.
- Works include Himala (1982), Moral (1982), Karnal (1983), Jose Rizal (1998), and Anak (2000).
- Works often explore themes of social justice, morality, human emotions, Filipino life, and culture.
- Awards: Gawad Urian Award for Best Screenplay, Palanca Memorial Award for Literature, National Artist of the Philippines in Film and Broadcast Arts.
- Himala screenplay considered one of the greatest Filipino films, highly influential.
- Published books: Trip to Quiapo (1998), Para kay B (2008), Si Tatang at Mga Himala ng ating Panahon (2009), Si Amapola sa 65 na Kabanata (2011), Bahagi: Mga Piling Tula ng Pag-ibig, Buhay, at Lungsod (2016), Usapang Screenplay (2021), Amapola: Ang Huling Putok (2022)
Himala (Film)
- Written by Ricky Lee, directed by Ishmael Bernal
- Starring Nora Aunor
- Released in 1982
- Reflects themes of poverty, superstition, faith, and mass hysteria.
- Story centers on Elsa (Nora Aunor), a young woman claiming to perform miracles, impacting the community.
- Film explores the community's desperate belief in divine intervention amid hardship and hopelessness.
Feminist Criticism of Himala
- Emphasizes women's political, economic, and social equality.
- Townspeople, primarily men, initially view Elsa as a savior, but their treatment reflects how women's voices and agency are often manipulated.
- Elsa's fall can be seen as criticism of societal expectations on women.
- Film explores the conflict between Elsa's inner struggles and societal demands in a male-dominated world.
Marxist Criticism of Himala
- Analyzes literature as a reflection of society.
- Portrays a poor, marginalized community relying on Elsa's supposed miracles as a coping mechanism.
- This mirrors how religion can pacify the downtrodden during hardship.
- Elsa's rise as a healer represents the emergence of leaders addressing marginalized issues, though limitations in her solutions highlight existing societal inequalities.
- Dependence on miracles distracts from addressing underlying poverty and suffering.
- Rejection of the miracle worker role symbolizes rejecting passive acceptance of oppression.
21st Century Literature
- Also known as New Literature, spanning from 2001 to the present.
- Continuously developing, utilizing technology to present diverse ideas and artistic experiences.
- Mirrors harsh societal realities, including personal crises and social issues.
- Addresses 'new normal' scenarios and truths to be confronted.
- Includes imaginative writing dealing with current themes and reflecting technological culture.
Literary Works of Today: Examples
- Illustrated Novels: Extended narratives combining text and images (e.g., Da Vinci Code, The Road)
- Digi-Fiction (Triple Media Literature): Combines books, movies/videos, and internet websites (e.g., web-based fiction, CD-ROM hypertext fiction, Flash fiction, app fiction, literary video games)
- Graphic Novels: Combining text and pictures equally to present narratives (e.g., prose novels in comic strip format)
- Manga: Japanese graphic novels, categorized by audience (Shonen, Shoujo, Seinen, Josei, Kodomo)
- Doodle Fiction: Blends cartoons and doodles, realistic narration, humorous incidents, and handwritten fonts.
- Chick Lit: Plots focusing on women's struggles and everyday life experiences, often humorous and lighthearted.
- Speculative Fiction: Fiction set beyond the known world, covering science fiction, fantasy, horror (e.g., science fiction, sci-fi fantasy, supernatural, space opera, urban fantasy, utopian, dystopian, apocalyptic, post-apocalyptic, superhero)
- Spoken Poetry: Poems read out loud, often posted on social media.
Asian Literature
African Literature
- Body of work by authors from the African continent.
- Includes oral traditions (folktales, proverbs, epics) and written works in diverse languages (English, French, Arabic, indigenous languages).
- Themes often address identity, colonialism, independence, social justice, and modernity.
- Notable authors include Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and David Diop.
Postcolonialism
- Examines literature from formerly colonized nations.
- Explores themes of identity, power, and resistance against colonialism, focusing on cultural, economic, and political legacies of colonialism and imperialism.
David Diop
- French-Senegalese poet, a leading figure in the Négritude movement, celebrating African heritage and critiquing colonialism.
- Dual cultural experience influencing his poetry, focused on African liberation, identity, resistance against colonial oppression.
- Africa poem is a tribute to Africa and a call for liberation.
Africa (Poem by David Diop)
- Poem highlights African resilience against colonialism and oppression.
- Celebration of strength, alongside lament of suffering caused by foreign domination.
- A homage to the continent and a call to liberation and self-awareness.
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Description
Test your knowledge about Ricky Lee, a significant figure in Philippine cinema. This quiz covers his life, notable works, awards, and the themes he explores in his screenplays. Dive deep into the influential world of Filipino film with questions that highlight his contributions.
