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Ribosomes Structure and Types

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Questions and Answers

What is the size of a ribosome?

40-50 nanometers in diameter

20-30 nanometers in diameter (correct)

30-40 nanometers in diameter

10-20 nanometers in diameter

What is the function of the P site in a ribosome?

Holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid added to the chain

Discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome from this site

Holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain (correct)

Holds the mRNA during translation

Where are eukaryotic ribosomes typically found?

In lysosomes

In eukaryotes as free ribosomes in cytoplasm or attached to RER (correct)

In prokaryotes

In mitochondria and chloroplasts

What is the function of centrioles?

Organizing spindle fibers during cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of a centriole?

0.3 nanometer in diameter Signup and view all the answers

What type of ribosome is found in prokaryotes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria?

70S ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleolus?

To direct protein synthesis by synthesizing and controlling the synthesis of ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

To synthesize proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

RER has ribosomes on its surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?

A double membrane with nuclear pores and a plug protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzyme in the RER membrane?

To modify polypeptides by attaching carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of euchromatin?

To transcribe genes into RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the testes and ovaries?

To synthesize lipids and steroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the granular part of the nucleolus?

To assemble ribosome subunits Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transport vesicles in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

To transport proteins to other parts of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibrous part of the nucleolus?

To contain large loops of DNA from chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

Heterochromatin is more compact, Euchromatin is more dispersed Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

To regulate concentration of calcium ions Signup and view all the answers