Ribosomal RNA

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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is required for the initiation step of translation?

  • GTP (correct)
  • ATP
  • RNA
  • DNA

How many GTP molecules are required during the elongation step 1 of translation?

  • 2
  • 1 (correct)
  • 0
  • 3

What is the relationship between genes and proteins?

  • Genes allow the cell to separate information storage from information utilization
  • Genes can be expressed with different efficiencies
  • Genes are regions of DNA that are transcribed into RNA
  • Genes contain information to make RNA, some of which encode proteins (correct)

What is the energetic cost of aminoacyl-tRNA activation during translation?

<p>1 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of translation requires 1 GTP molecule for each amino acid added?

<p>Elongation step 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mRNA in gene expression?

<p>mRNA encodes proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA is responsible for regulating gene expression?

<p>miRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transcription factors in RNA synthesis?

<p>To help RNAP recognize the promoter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA replication and transcription?

<p>The stability of the newly synthesized strand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA) in eukaryotic cells?

<p>RNAP-II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of snRNAs in RNA processing?

<p>To process mRNAs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of snoRNAs in RNA processing?

<p>To process rRNAs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

<p>Ribosomes consist of several rRNAs and dozens of proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of snoRNAs?

<p>To process pre-rRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of rRNA in cells?

<p>Days to weeks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes produced in interphase cells?

<p>In the nucleolus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA?

<p>To transfer amino acids during protein synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 5' cap on mRNA?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?

<p>UGG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about release factors?

<p>They bind to the A site of the ribosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of premature termination during translation?

<p>The EJC remains on mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mutations cause early termination during translation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nonsense-mediated decay?

<p>Selective destruction of mRNA with premature termination codons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of polyribosomes in translation?

<p>They enhance the efficiency of translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

<p>There are 64 possible mRNA codons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are there fewer tRNAs than codons?

<p>There is a steric requirement between tRNA anticodon and mRNA codon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

<p>It activates tRNA by adding amino acids to it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of eIF2 in protein synthesis initiation?

<p>It helps the ribosome distinguish start codon from internal codons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three tRNA binding sites on the ribosome?

<p>A, P, E (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy requirement for peptide bond formation?

<p>GTP hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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