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Questions and Answers
What percentage of humans are considered Rh positive?
What percentage of humans are considered Rh positive?
- 50%
- 20%
- 90%
- 80% (correct)
What happens if an Rh negative person is exposed to Rh positive blood?
What happens if an Rh negative person is exposed to Rh positive blood?
- They experience jaundice
- They form antibodies against Rh antigens (correct)
- They develop anemia
- They become Rh positive
What is the term used for the condition where Rh negative mother's antibodies attack the Rh positive baby's red blood cells?
What is the term used for the condition where Rh negative mother's antibodies attack the Rh positive baby's red blood cells?
- Erythrocytosis
- Thalassemia
- Erythroblastosis fetalis (correct)
- Hemolytic anemia
Why should the Rh group be matched before transfusions?
Why should the Rh group be matched before transfusions?
In which pregnancy does the mother get exposed to the Rh positive blood of the fetus?
In which pregnancy does the mother get exposed to the Rh positive blood of the fetus?
What can be fatal to the fetus in cases of Rh incompatibility?
What can be fatal to the fetus in cases of Rh incompatibility?
How can erythroblastosis fetalis be prevented?
How can erythroblastosis fetalis be prevented?
What is the role of the placenta in preventing Rh exposure during the first pregnancy?
What is the role of the placenta in preventing Rh exposure during the first pregnancy?
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Study Notes
Rh Grouping
- Rh antigen, similar to one found in Rhesus monkeys, is present on the surface of RBCs in nearly 80% of humans, making them Rh positive (Rh+ve).
- Individuals without the Rh antigen are Rh negative (Rh-ve).
- Rh-ve individuals will form antibodies against Rh antigens if exposed to Rh+ve blood, making Rh matching necessary for transfusions.
Rh Incompatibility
- In pregnancy, Rh-ve mothers with Rh+ve foetuses can experience Rh incompatibility due to placental separation of blood during the first pregnancy.
- During delivery, small amounts of Rh+ve blood from the foetus may enter the mother's bloodstream, triggering antibody production against Rh antigens.
- In subsequent pregnancies, these Rh antibodies from the mother can leak into the foetus's blood, destroying RBCs and causing:
- Erythroblastosis foetalis, a potentially fatal condition for the foetus.
- Severe anaemia and jaundice in the baby.
Prevention
- Administering anti-Rh antibodies to the Rh-ve mother immediately after the first child's delivery can prevent Rh incompatibility issues in subsequent pregnancies.
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