Questions and Answers
What is the Axis Powers?
Who was Italy's fascist dictator during WWII?
Benito Mussolini
Who led Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945?
Adolf Hitler
What significant event occurred on September 1st, 1939?
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Which countries were included in the Allied Powers during World War II?
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Who was the 32nd President of the United States?
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Who led the U.S. during the final days of WWII after FDR died?
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Who was the British Prime Minister during most of World War II?
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What was the appeasement policy?
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What was the Non-aggression pact?
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What was the main purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?
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What was the Battle of the Atlantic?
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What did the Atlantic Charter outline?
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What was the purpose of the War Productions Board?
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Who was General George Patton?
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What was the Bataan Death March?
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What were 'Little Boy' and 'Fat Man'?
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What were the Nuremberg Trials?
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What was Executive Order No. 9066?
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What was the Manhattan Project?
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Study Notes
Axis Powers
- Comprised Germany, Italy, and Japan; formalized with the Tripartite Act in 1940.
- Expanded to include Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Croatia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia as allied nations.
Benito Mussolini
- Dictator of Italy and key figure within the fascist regime during World War II.
Adolf Hitler
- Leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, held the title of Führer from 1934.
September 1st, 1939
- Marked the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, triggering the onset of World War II.
Allied Powers
- Coalition of nations victorious in World War I and II; included major powers like Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- Served as the 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945); elected to four terms, the only U.S. president to do so.
Harry Truman
- Became President upon FDR's death; led the U.S. in its final actions during World War II.
Neville Chamberlain
- Prime Minister of Great Britain known for the Munich Agreement with Hitler, which epitomized the policy of appeasement.
Appeasement Policy
- Strategy during the Munich Conference where Britain and France conceded to Hitler's demands in hopes of preventing further conflict, ultimately failing.
Non-aggression Pact
- Treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939, facilitating the invasion of Poland by both nations.
Winston Churchill
- British Prime Minister for most of World War II; celebrated for his leadership and received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.
Joseph Stalin
- Dictator of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until 1953; significant player in WWII and the postwar landscape.
Munich Conference
- 1938 meeting where Britain allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland, signaling a failure to prevent military aggression.
Lend-Lease Act
- Enacted in 1941, allowing the U.S. to provide military supplies to Allied nations in exchange for repayment after the war.
Battle of the Atlantic
- Strategic contest from 1939 to 1945, focusing on control over Atlantic sea routes between the Western Allies and Axis powers, particularly Germany.
Atlantic Charter
- A joint declaration by the U.S. and Great Britain in August 1941 outlining postwar goals for peace and cooperation.
Selective Training and Service Act
- The first peacetime draft in U.S. history, implemented during WWII to bolster military forces.
War Productions Board
- Established by FDR in 1942, this agency oversaw and directed war production efforts throughout WWII.
Bernard Montgomery
- Prominent Allied Commander noted for major victories like El Alamein; later led in Italy and France.
George C. Marshall
- Chief of Staff from 1939 to 1945 who built the largest military force in history; later crafted the Marshall Plan for postwar recovery.
George S. Patton
- A general known for his leadership of the Third Army during a rapid advance through France in 1944, excelling in tank warfare.
Hideki Tojo
- Army general and Prime Minister of Japan throughout much of WWII; executed as a war criminal post-war.
Bataan Death March
- Forced march of 75,000 Filipino and American troops resulting in significant loss of life amidst brutal conditions.
Midway Island
- Critical naval and air battle where U.S. forces significantly weakened Japan's naval capabilities following Pearl Harbor.
April 30, 1945
- Date marking Hitler's suicide in his bunker in Berlin as Allied forces closed in.
Nuremberg Trials
- Series of post-WWII trials where Nazi leaders were prosecuted for war crimes, held in Nuremberg, Germany.
Executive Order No. 9066
- Authorized by FDR in 1942, this order led to the internment of Japanese Americans during the war, reflecting national security concerns.
Japanese Internment
- Internment of Japanese-Americans viewed as a severe infringement on civil liberties, involving 127,000 individuals primarily on the West Coast.
Manhattan Project
- Secret project that led to the development of the first nuclear weapons during WWII.
Little Boy & Fat Man
- Names of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, contributing to the end of the war in the Pacific.
Soviet Union
- Known as the USSR, it was a socialist state existing from 1922 to 1991, playing a pivotal role in both WWI and WWII.
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