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Questions and Answers
What is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation called?
What is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation called?
- Radiation wavelength range
- Electromagnetic field
- Electromagnetic spectrum (correct)
- Radiant energy spectrum
What form does an RF signal take when radiated out of an antenna element?
What form does an RF signal take when radiated out of an antenna element?
- Magnetic field
- Electromagnetic wave (correct)
- Radio wave
- Electric charge
What produces changes in the electromagnetic field around an antenna?
What produces changes in the electromagnetic field around an antenna?
- Antenna shape
- Magnetic interference
- Changes of electron flow (current) (correct)
- Voltage fluctuations
What is the shape and form of the AC signal (waveform) known as?
What is the shape and form of the AC signal (waveform) known as?
What is the initial form of an RF signal before it is radiated out of an antenna element?
What is the initial form of an RF signal before it is radiated out of an antenna element?
What is the range of an RF signal called when it moves through matter or space?
What is the range of an RF signal called when it moves through matter or space?
What is the result of multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being in phase or partially out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the result of multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being in phase or partially out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the term for the complete cancellation of the RF signal due to multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being 180 degrees out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the term for the complete cancellation of the RF signal due to multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being 180 degrees out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the most common occurrence of destructive multipath interference?
What is the most common occurrence of destructive multipath interference?
What is the term for decreased signal strength resulting from multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the term for decreased signal strength resulting from multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the time differential between multiple reflected signals known as?
What is the time differential between multiple reflected signals known as?
What causes increased signal strength due to multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being in phase or partially out of phase with the primary wave?
What causes increased signal strength due to multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being in phase or partially out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the phase difference range that causes downfade, resulting in decreased signal strength?
What is the phase difference range that causes downfade, resulting in decreased signal strength?
What can cause the receiver to have problems demodulating the RF signal's information?
What can cause the receiver to have problems demodulating the RF signal's information?
What is the definition of a cycle in an alternating current?
What is the definition of a cycle in an alternating current?
What does amplitude refer to in RF signals?
What does amplitude refer to in RF signals?
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
What is Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) used to calculate?
What is Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) used to calculate?
What is the definition of phase in RF signals?
What is the definition of phase in RF signals?
What is multipath propagation phenomenon affected by?
What is multipath propagation phenomenon affected by?
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______ is increased signal strength. When multiple RF signal paths arrive at the receiver at the same time and are in phase or partially out of phase with the primary wave, the result is an increase in signal strength (amplitude).
______ is increased signal strength. When multiple RF signal paths arrive at the receiver at the same time and are in phase or partially out of phase with the primary wave, the result is an increase in signal strength (amplitude).
When the multiple RF signal paths arrive at the receiver at the same time and are out of phase with the primary wave, the result is a decrease in signal strength (amplitude).
When the multiple RF signal paths arrive at the receiver at the same time and are out of phase with the primary wave, the result is a decrease in signal strength (amplitude).
When the multiple RF signal paths arrive at the receiver at the same time and are 180 degrees out of phase with the primary wave, the result will be nulling. ______ is the complete cancellation of the RF signal. A complete cancellation of the signal is obviously destructive.
When the multiple RF signal paths arrive at the receiver at the same time and are 180 degrees out of phase with the primary wave, the result will be nulling. ______ is the complete cancellation of the RF signal. A complete cancellation of the signal is obviously destructive.
Because of the difference in time between the primary signal and the reflected signals known as the delay spread, along with the fact that there may be multiple reflected signals, the receiver can have problems demodulating the RF signal’s information.
Because of the difference in time between the primary signal and the reflected signals known as the delay spread, along with the fact that there may be multiple reflected signals, the receiver can have problems demodulating the RF signal’s information.
The delay spread time differential can cause bits to overlap with each other, and the end result is corrupted data. This type of multipath interference is often known as intersymbol interference (ISI). Data corruption is the most common occurrence of destructive multipath.
The delay spread time differential can cause bits to overlap with each other, and the end result is corrupted data. This type of multipath interference is often known as intersymbol interference (ISI). Data corruption is the most common occurrence of destructive multipath.
It usually takes a bit longer for reflected signals to arrive at the receiving antenna because they must travel a longer distance than the principal signal. The time differential between these signals can be measured in billionths of a second (nanoseconds). The time differential between these multiple paths is known as the ______.
It usually takes a bit longer for reflected signals to arrive at the receiving antenna because they must travel a longer distance than the principal signal. The time differential between these signals can be measured in billionths of a second (nanoseconds). The time differential between these multiple paths is known as the ______.
The time differential between these multiple paths is known as the ______.
The time differential between these multiple paths is known as the ______.
Upfade is an example of ______.
Upfade is an example of ______.
An RF signal starts out as an electrical alternating current (AC) signal that is originally generated by a ______
An RF signal starts out as an electrical alternating current (AC) signal that is originally generated by a ______
Changes of electron flow in an antenna, otherwise known as current, produce changes in the electromagnetic field around the ______
Changes of electron flow in an antenna, otherwise known as current, produce changes in the electromagnetic field around the ______
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, which is usually simply referred to as ______, is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, which is usually simply referred to as ______, is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation
The shape and form of the AC signal (waveform) is known as a ______
The shape and form of the AC signal (waveform) is known as a ______
This AC signal is sent through a copper conductor (typically a coaxial cable) and radiated out of an antenna element in the form of an ______
This AC signal is sent through a copper conductor (typically a coaxial cable) and radiated out of an antenna element in the form of an ______
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible ______ radiation
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible ______ radiation
Frequency is measured in ______ (Hz)
Frequency is measured in ______ (Hz)
Wavelength has an inverse relationship with ______
Wavelength has an inverse relationship with ______
Amplitude refers to the signal's ______ or power
Amplitude refers to the signal's ______ or power
Phase involves the relationship between the positions of the amplitude crests and troughs of two ______
Phase involves the relationship between the positions of the amplitude crests and troughs of two ______
Multipath is a propagation phenomenon resulting in two or more paths of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna at the same time or within ______ of each other
Multipath is a propagation phenomenon resulting in two or more paths of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna at the same time or within ______ of each other
Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a formula used to calculate path loss in dB based on frequency and distance between ______
Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a formula used to calculate path loss in dB based on frequency and distance between ______
What is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation called?
What is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation called?
What is Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) used to calculate?
What is Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) used to calculate?
What is the term for the complete cancellation of the RF signal due to multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being 180 degrees out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the term for the complete cancellation of the RF signal due to multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being 180 degrees out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the phase difference range that causes downfade, resulting in decreased signal strength?
What is the phase difference range that causes downfade, resulting in decreased signal strength?
What is the time differential between multiple reflected signals known as?
What is the time differential between multiple reflected signals known as?
What is the result of multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being in phase or partially out of phase with the primary wave?
What is the result of multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being in phase or partially out of phase with the primary wave?
Frequency is the number of times a specified event occurs within a specified time interval, measured in hertz (Hz).
Frequency is the number of times a specified event occurs within a specified time interval, measured in hertz (Hz).
Amplitude refers to the signal's strength or power, and with RF signals, it corresponds to the electrical field of the wave.
Amplitude refers to the signal's strength or power, and with RF signals, it corresponds to the electrical field of the wave.
Multipath is a propagation phenomenon resulting in two or more paths of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna at the same time or within nanoseconds of each other, affected by reflection, scattering, diffraction, and refraction in different environments.
Multipath is a propagation phenomenon resulting in two or more paths of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna at the same time or within nanoseconds of each other, affected by reflection, scattering, diffraction, and refraction in different environments.
Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase are key properties of RF signals.
Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase are key properties of RF signals.
Absorption refers to the absorption of RF waves by a material, and is the 'missing piece' when comparing the total reflected and transmitted energy to the incident energy.
Absorption refers to the absorption of RF waves by a material, and is the 'missing piece' when comparing the total reflected and transmitted energy to the incident energy.
Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a formula used to calculate path loss in dB based on frequency and distance between antennas.
Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a formula used to calculate path loss in dB based on frequency and distance between antennas.
True or false: Delay spread is the time differential between multiple reflected signals and the primary signal, measured in nanoseconds?
True or false: Delay spread is the time differential between multiple reflected signals and the primary signal, measured in nanoseconds?
True or false: Upfade is an example of constructive multipath?
True or false: Upfade is an example of constructive multipath?
True or false: Downfade is the result of multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being out of phase with the primary wave?
True or false: Downfade is the result of multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being out of phase with the primary wave?
True or false: Nulling is the increase in signal strength due to multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being in phase with the primary wave?
True or false: Nulling is the increase in signal strength due to multiple RF signal paths arriving at the receiver at the same time and being in phase with the primary wave?
True or false: Data corruption is the most common occurrence of constructive multipath?
True or false: Data corruption is the most common occurrence of constructive multipath?
True or false: The delay spread time differential can cause bits to overlap with each other, resulting in corrupted data, often known as intersymbol interference?
True or false: The delay spread time differential can cause bits to overlap with each other, resulting in corrupted data, often known as intersymbol interference?
True or false: Free space path loss ensures that the final received signal can never be stronger than the original transmitted signal?
True or false: Free space path loss ensures that the final received signal can never be stronger than the original transmitted signal?
True or false: Multipath interference is affected by the changes of electron flow in an antenna, producing changes in the electromagnetic field around it?
True or false: Multipath interference is affected by the changes of electron flow in an antenna, producing changes in the electromagnetic field around it?
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Study Notes
RF Signal Properties and Behaviors
- Sine wave patterns are observed in various phenomena such as light, sound, and ocean waves, and in the fluctuation of voltage in an AC current.
- An oscillation or cycle of an alternating current involves a single change from up to down to up, or a change from positive to negative to positive.
- A cycle represents a complete wave oscillation from point A to point B, and the period is the time it takes for a sine wave to complete one cycle.
- Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase are key properties of RF signals.
- Wavelength is the distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave pattern, and it has an inverse relationship with frequency.
- Frequency is the number of times a specified event occurs within a specified time interval, measured in hertz (Hz).
- Amplitude refers to the signal's strength or power, and with RF signals, it corresponds to the electrical field of the wave.
- Phase involves the relationship between the positions of the amplitude crests and troughs of two waveforms that share the same frequency.
- RF propagation behaviors include absorption, reflection, diffraction, and scattering, and can vary depending on the materials in the signal's path.
- Absorption refers to the absorption of RF waves by a material, and is the "missing piece" when comparing the total reflected and transmitted energy to the incident energy.
- Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a formula used to calculate path loss in dB based on frequency and distance between antennas.
- Multipath is a propagation phenomenon resulting in two or more paths of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna at the same time or within nanoseconds of each other, affected by reflection, scattering, diffraction, and refraction in different environments.
RF Signal Properties and Behaviors
- Sine wave patterns are observed in various phenomena such as light, sound, and ocean waves, and in the fluctuation of voltage in an AC current.
- An oscillation or cycle of an alternating current involves a single change from up to down to up, or a change from positive to negative to positive.
- A cycle represents a complete wave oscillation from point A to point B, and the period is the time it takes for a sine wave to complete one cycle.
- Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase are key properties of RF signals.
- Wavelength is the distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave pattern, and it has an inverse relationship with frequency.
- Frequency is the number of times a specified event occurs within a specified time interval, measured in hertz (Hz).
- Amplitude refers to the signal's strength or power, and with RF signals, it corresponds to the electrical field of the wave.
- Phase involves the relationship between the positions of the amplitude crests and troughs of two waveforms that share the same frequency.
- RF propagation behaviors include absorption, reflection, diffraction, and scattering, and can vary depending on the materials in the signal's path.
- Absorption refers to the absorption of RF waves by a material, and is the "missing piece" when comparing the total reflected and transmitted energy to the incident energy.
- Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a formula used to calculate path loss in dB based on frequency and distance between antennas.
- Multipath is a propagation phenomenon resulting in two or more paths of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna at the same time or within nanoseconds of each other, affected by reflection, scattering, diffraction, and refraction in different environments.
RF Signal Properties and Behaviors
- Sine wave patterns are observed in various phenomena such as light, sound, and ocean waves, and in the fluctuation of voltage in an AC current.
- An oscillation or cycle of an alternating current involves a single change from up to down to up, or a change from positive to negative to positive.
- A cycle represents a complete wave oscillation from point A to point B, and the period is the time it takes for a sine wave to complete one cycle.
- Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase are key properties of RF signals.
- Wavelength is the distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave pattern, and it has an inverse relationship with frequency.
- Frequency is the number of times a specified event occurs within a specified time interval, measured in hertz (Hz).
- Amplitude refers to the signal's strength or power, and with RF signals, it corresponds to the electrical field of the wave.
- Phase involves the relationship between the positions of the amplitude crests and troughs of two waveforms that share the same frequency.
- RF propagation behaviors include absorption, reflection, diffraction, and scattering, and can vary depending on the materials in the signal's path.
- Absorption refers to the absorption of RF waves by a material, and is the "missing piece" when comparing the total reflected and transmitted energy to the incident energy.
- Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a formula used to calculate path loss in dB based on frequency and distance between antennas.
- Multipath is a propagation phenomenon resulting in two or more paths of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna at the same time or within nanoseconds of each other, affected by reflection, scattering, diffraction, and refraction in different environments.
RF Signal Properties and Behaviors
- Sine wave patterns are observed in various phenomena such as light, sound, and ocean waves, and in the fluctuation of voltage in an AC current.
- An oscillation or cycle of an alternating current involves a single change from up to down to up, or a change from positive to negative to positive.
- A cycle represents a complete wave oscillation from point A to point B, and the period is the time it takes for a sine wave to complete one cycle.
- Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase are key properties of RF signals.
- Wavelength is the distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave pattern, and it has an inverse relationship with frequency.
- Frequency is the number of times a specified event occurs within a specified time interval, measured in hertz (Hz).
- Amplitude refers to the signal's strength or power, and with RF signals, it corresponds to the electrical field of the wave.
- Phase involves the relationship between the positions of the amplitude crests and troughs of two waveforms that share the same frequency.
- RF propagation behaviors include absorption, reflection, diffraction, and scattering, and can vary depending on the materials in the signal's path.
- Absorption refers to the absorption of RF waves by a material, and is the "missing piece" when comparing the total reflected and transmitted energy to the incident energy.
- Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is a formula used to calculate path loss in dB based on frequency and distance between antennas.
- Multipath is a propagation phenomenon resulting in two or more paths of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna at the same time or within nanoseconds of each other, affected by reflection, scattering, diffraction, and refraction in different environments.
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